{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:49:20Z","timestamp":1788544160679,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","award":["20K16016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K16016"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","award":["21K06609"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K06609"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an intracranial injury caused by accidents, falls, or sports. The production of endothelins (ETs) is increased in the injured brain. ET receptors are classified into distinct types, including ETA receptor (ETA-R) and ETB receptor (ETB-R). ETB-R is highly expressed in reactive astrocytes and upregulated by TBI. Activation of astrocytic ETB-R promotes conversion to reactive astrocytes and the production of astrocyte-derived bioactive factors, including vascular permeability regulators and cytokines, which cause blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) disruption, brain edema, and neuroinflammation in the acute phase of TBI. ETB-R antagonists alleviate BBB disruption and brain edema in animal models of TBI. The activation of astrocytic ETB receptors also enhances the production of various neurotrophic factors. These astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factors promote the repair of the damaged nervous system in the recovery phase of patients with TBI. Thus, astrocytic ETB-R is expected to be a promising drug target for TBI in both the acute and recovery phases. This article reviews recent observations on the role of astrocytic ETB receptors in TBI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12050719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T04:05:40Z","timestamp":1677470740000},"page":"719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Roles of Astrocytic Endothelin ETB Receptor in Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4052-7507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shotaro","family":"Michinaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8479-6541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigeru","family":"Hishinuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6508-0094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yutaka","family":"Koyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-Kita Higashinada, Kobe 668-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jarrahi, A., Braun, M., Ahluwalia, M., Gupta, R.V., Wilson, M., Munie, S., Ahluwalia, P., Vender, J.R., Vale, F.L., and Dhandapani, K.M. 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