{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T17:26:53Z","timestamp":1788370013398,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ability to identify the broadest range of targetable gene fusions is crucial to facilitate personalized therapy selection for advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LuADs) patients harboring targetable receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) genomic alterations. In order to evaluate the most effective testing approach for LuAD targetable gene fusion detection, we analyzed 210 NSCLC selected clinical samples, comparing in situ (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization, FISH, and ImmunoHistoChemistry, IHC) and molecular (targeted RNA Next-Generation Sequencing, NGS, and RealTime-PCR, RT-PCR) approaches. The overall concordance among these methods was high (&gt;90%), and targeted RNA NGS was confirmed to be the most efficient technique for gene fusion identification in clinical practice, allowing the simultaneous analysis of a large set of genomic rearrangements at the RNA level. However, we observed that FISH was useful to detect targetable fusions in those samples with inadequate tissue material for molecular testing as well as in those few cases whose fusions were not identified by the RNA NGS panel. We conclude that the targeted RNA NGS analysis of LuADs allows accurate RTK fusion detection; nevertheless, standard methods such as FISH should not be dismissed, as they can crucially contribute to the completion of the molecular characterization of LuADs and, most importantly, the identification of patients as candidates for targeted therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12081135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T01:35:08Z","timestamp":1681263308000},"page":"1135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Gene Fusion Detection in NSCLC Routine Clinical Practice: Targeted-NGS or FISH?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lorenza","family":"Pecciarini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Brunetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greta","family":"Grassini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"De Pascali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca Rita","family":"Ogliari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Talarico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Marra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilda","family":"Magliacane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5308-280X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Redegalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluigi","family":"Arrigoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Lazzari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanesa","family":"Gregorc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Bulotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Doglioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9472-0935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Giulia","family":"Cangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.07.014","article-title":"Recommendations for the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for patients with metastatic cancers: A report from the ESMO Precision Medicine Working Group","volume":"31","author":"Mosele","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. 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