{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T21:52:51Z","timestamp":1791496371422,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":215,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009053","name":"India-Alliance DBT\/Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IA\/TSG\/20\/1\/6000029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IA\/TSG\/20\/1\/6000029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India","award":["IA\/TSG\/20\/1\/6000029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IA\/TSG\/20\/1\/6000029"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the most remarkable advancements in medical treatments of corneal diseases in recent decades has been corneal transplantation. However, corneal transplants, including lamellar strategies, have their own set of challenges, such as graft rejection, delayed graft failure, shortage of donor corneas, repeated treatments, and post-surgical complications. Corneal defects and diseases are one of the leading causes of blindness globally; therefore, there is a need for gene-based interventions that may mitigate some of these challenges and help reduce the burden of blindness. Corneas being immune-advantaged, uniquely avascular, and transparent is ideal for gene therapy approaches. Well-established corneal surgical techniques as well as their ease of accessibility for examination and manipulation makes corneas suitable for in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy. In this review, we focus on the most recent advances in the area of corneal regeneration using gene therapy and on the strategies involved in the development of such therapies. We also discuss the challenges and potential of gene therapy for the treatment of corneal diseases. Additionally, we discuss the translational aspects of gene therapy, including different types of vectors, particularly focusing on recombinant AAV that may help advance targeted therapeutics for corneal defects and diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12091280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T06:12:55Z","timestamp":1682662375000},"page":"1280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Corneal Regeneration Using Gene Therapy Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Subhradeep","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore 560099, Karnataka, India"},{"name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4829-2386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priyalakshmi","family":"Panikker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore 560099, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4584-2343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon","family":"D\u2019Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore 560010, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore 560010, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1857-4200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajiv R.","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans\u2019 Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA"},{"name":"One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"},{"name":"Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6570-5891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arkasubhra","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore 560099, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"214","article-title":"Corneal blindness: A global perspective","volume":"79","author":"Whitcher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull. 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