{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T19:35:49Z","timestamp":1770492949784,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W012060-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W012060-10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I2220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I2220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31003A-152970"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31003A-152970"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W012060-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W012060-10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I2220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I2220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31003A-152970"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31003A-152970"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGlu1) plays a pivotal role in synaptic transmission and neuronal plasticity. Despite the fact that several interacting proteins involved in the mGlu1 subcellular trafficking and intracellular transduction mechanisms have been identified, the protein network associated with this receptor in specific brain areas remains largely unknown. To identify novel mGlu1-associated protein complexes in the mouse cerebellum, we used an unbiased tissue-specific proteomic approach, namely co-immunoprecipitation followed by liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Many well-known protein complexes as well as novel interactors were identified, including G-proteins, Homer, \u03b42 glutamate receptor, 14-3-3 proteins, and Na\/K-ATPases. A novel putative interactor, KCTD12, was further investigated. Reverse co-immunoprecipitation with anti-KCTD12 antibodies revealed mGlu1 in wild-type but not in KCTD12-knock-out homogenates. Freeze-fracture replica immunogold labeling co-localization experiments showed that KCTD12 and mGlu1 are present in the same nanodomain in Purkinje cell spines, although at a distance that suggests that this interaction is mediated through interposed proteins. Consistently, mGlu1 could not be co-immunoprecipitated with KCTD12 from a recombinant mammalian cell line co-expressing the two proteins. The possibility that this interaction was mediated via GABAB receptors was excluded by showing that mGlu1 and KCTD12 still co-immunoprecipitated from GABAB receptor knock-out tissue. In conclusion, this study identifies tissue-specific mGlu1-associated protein clusters including KCTD12 at Purkinje cell synapses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12091325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T01:32:53Z","timestamp":1683509573000},"page":"1325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Protein Networks Associated with Native Metabotropic Glutamate 1 Receptors (mGlu1) in the Mouse Cerebellum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mahnaz","family":"Mansouri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leopold","family":"Kremser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Protein Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thanh-Phuong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dennemeyer, 1274 Hesperange, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Kasugai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Caberlotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), The Microsoft Research University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Gassmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Sarg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Protein Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1262-9976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herbert","family":"Lindner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Protein Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0842-8207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Bettler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9335-3312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Carboni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3843-5857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Ferraguti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.108.000166","article-title":"Metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor: Current concepts and perspectives","volume":"60","author":"Ferraguti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.011008.145533","article-title":"Metabotropic glutamate receptors: Physiology, pharmacology, and disease","volume":"50","author":"Niswender","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-006-0266-5","article-title":"Metabotropic glutamate receptors","volume":"326","author":"Ferraguti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(92)90165-A","article-title":"Cellular localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor in rat brain","volume":"9","author":"Martin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903220110","article-title":"Distribution of the mRNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) in the central nervous system: An in situ hybridization study in adult and developing rat","volume":"322","author":"Shigemoto","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Shigemoto, R., and Mizuno, N. (2000). Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19970908)385:4<641::AID-CNE9>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Light and electron microscopic demonstration of mGluR5 metabotropic glutamate receptor immunoreactive neuronal elements in the rat cerebellar cortex","volume":"385","author":"Kuhn","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2006.02.006","article-title":"Cerebellar circuitry as a neuronal machine","volume":"78","author":"Ito","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90204-6","article-title":"Reduced hippocampal long-term potentiation and context-specific deficit in associative learning in mGluR1 mutant mice","volume":"79","author":"Aiba","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/372237a0","article-title":"Motor deficit and impairment of synaptic plasticity in mice lacking mGluR1","volume":"372","author":"Conquet","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)80047-7","article-title":"Persistent multiple climbing fiber innervation of cerebellar Purkinje cells in mice lacking mGluR1","volume":"18","author":"Kano","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.2270","article-title":"Type-1 metabotropic glutamate receptor in cerebellar Purkinje cells: A key molecule responsible for long-term depression, endocannabinoid signalling and synapse elimination","volume":"363","author":"Kano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5472.1832","article-title":"mGluR1 in cerebellar Purkinje cells essential for long-term depression, synapse elimination, and motor coordination","volume":"288","author":"Ichise","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06063.x","article-title":"mGluR1-mediated facilitation of long-term potentiation at inhibitory synapses on a cerebellar Purkinje neuron","volume":"27","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.2174\/138945012798868452","article-title":"Metabotropic glutamate receptors and interacting proteins: Evolving drug targets","volume":"13","author":"Enz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X13666150515234434","article-title":"Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Interacting Proteins: Fine-Tuning Receptor Functions in Health and Disease","volume":"14","author":"Kalinowska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20566","article-title":"Organization and functions of mGlu and GABAB receptor complexes","volume":"540","author":"Pin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2018.03.014","article-title":"Metabotropic glutamate receptor trafficking","volume":"91","author":"Suh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2008.10.054","article-title":"A novel association of mGluR1a with the PDZ scaffold protein CAL modulates receptor activity","volume":"582","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80589-9","article-title":"Homer binds a novel proline-rich motif and links group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors with IP3 receptors","volume":"21","author":"Tu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(00)00087-8","article-title":"Homer: A link between neural activity and glutamate receptor function","volume":"10","author":"Xiao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178496","article-title":"Norbin is an endogenous regulator of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 signaling","volume":"326","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1037-21.2021","article-title":"Regulation of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Internalization and Synaptic AMPA Receptor Endocytosis by the Postsynaptic Protein Norbin","volume":"42","author":"Ojha","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50682","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M305764200","article-title":"Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors bind to protein phosphatase 1C. Mapping and modeling of interacting sequences","volume":"278","author":"Croci","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8614","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403042101","article-title":"Seven in absentia homolog 1A mediates ubiquitination and degradation of group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors","volume":"101","author":"Moriyoshi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8575","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA119.011979","article-title":"The post-synaptic scaffolding protein tamalin regulates ligand-mediated trafficking of metabotropic glutamate receptors","volume":"295","author":"Pandey","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2004.02.007","article-title":"Direct interaction of GluR\u03b42 with Shank scaffold proteins in cerebellar Purkinje cells","volume":"26","author":"Uemura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.06.009","article-title":"TRPC3 channels are required for synaptic transmission and motor coordination","volume":"59","author":"Hartmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a006726","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006726","article-title":"mGluR1\/TRPC3-mediated Synaptic Transmission and Calcium Signaling in Mammalian Central Neurons","volume":"3","author":"Hartmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.010909.105705","article-title":"GPCR interacting proteins (GIPs) in the nervous system: Roles in physiology and pathologies","volume":"50","author":"Bockaert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15296","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0705-12.2012","article-title":"Glutamate Receptor 2 Associates with Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1 (mGluR1), Protein Kinase C, and Canonical Transient Receptor Potential 3 and Regulates mGluR1-Mediated Synaptic Transmission in Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons","volume":"32","author":"Kato","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647451","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2021.647451","article-title":"Advances in Proteomics Allow Insights Into Neuronal Proteomes","volume":"14","author":"Fingleton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2021.100087","article-title":"Neuroproteomics of the synapse: Subcellular quantification of protein networks and signaling dynamics","volume":"20","author":"Altelaar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00345-2","article-title":"Epilepsy, hyperalgesia, impaired memory, and loss of pre- and postsynaptic GABAB responses in mice lacking GABAB(1)","volume":"31","author":"Schuler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6086","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5635-03.2004","article-title":"Redistribution of GABAB(1) protein and atypical GABAB responses in GABAB(2)-deficient mice","volume":"24","author":"Gassmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e510","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.8","article-title":"Altered emotionality and neuronal excitability in mice lacking KCTD12, an auxiliary subunit of GABAB receptors associated with mood disorders","volume":"5","author":"Cathomas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22610","article-title":"Distribution of the auxiliary GABAB receptor subunits KCTD8, 12, 12b, and 16 in the mouse brain","volume":"519","author":"Metz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2181-16.2016","article-title":"KCTD hetero-oligomers confer unique kinetic properties on hippocampal GABAB receptor-induced K+ currents","volume":"37","author":"Fritzius","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faserl, K., Chetwynd, A.J., Lynch, I., Thorn, J.A., and Lindner, H.H. (2019). Corona Isolation Method Matters: Capillary Electrophoresis Mass Spectrometry Based Comparison of Protein Corona Compositions Following On-Particle versus In-Solution or In-Gel Digestion. Nanomaterials, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9060898"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.08.013","article-title":"Structural and Functional Remodeling of Amygdala GABAergic Synapses in Associative Fear Learning","volume":"104","author":"Kasugai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6nherr, S., Seewald, A., Kasugai, Y., Bosch, D., Ehrlich, I., and Ferraguti, F. (2016). Combined Optogenetic and Freeze-fracture Replica Immunolabeling to Examine Input-specific Arrangement of Glutamate Receptors in the Mouse Amygdala. J. Vis. Exp.","DOI":"10.3791\/53853"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zotenko, E., Mestre, J., O\u2019Leary, D.P., and Przytycka, T.M. (2008). Why do hubs in the yeast protein interaction network tend to be essential: Reexamining the connection between the network topology and essentiality. PLoS Comput. Biol., 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000140"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2856","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200700095","article-title":"Discovering functions and revealing mechanisms at molecular level from biological networks","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1155\/JBB.2005.96","article-title":"High-betweenness proteins in the yeast protein interaction network","volume":"2005","author":"Joy","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W216","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac194","article-title":"DAVID: A web server for functional enrichment analysis and functional annotation of gene lists (2021 update)","volume":"50","author":"Sherman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.211","article-title":"Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources","volume":"4","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eden, E., Navon, R., Steinfeld, I., Lipson, D., and Yakhini, Z. (2009). GOrilla: A tool for discovery and visualization of enriched GO terms in ranked gene lists. BMC Bioinform., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-48"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.073","article-title":"Surface expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor variants mGluR1a and mGluR1b in transfected HEK293 cells","volume":"55","author":"Kumpost","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.08.011","article-title":"Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 splice variants mGluR1a and mGluR1b combine in mGluR1a\/b dimers in vivo","volume":"86","author":"Chambers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00439","article-title":"New Features on the Expression and Trafficking of mGluR1 Splice Variants Exposed by Two Novel Mutant Mouse Lines","volume":"11","author":"Naito","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3542-13.2014","article-title":"The synaptic targeting of mGluR1 by its carboxyl-terminal domain is crucial for cerebellar function","volume":"34","author":"Ohtani","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.61.5.1114","article-title":"Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1 Internalization Induced by Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Activation: Differential Dependency of Internalization of Splice Variants on Nonvisual Arrestins","volume":"61","author":"Mundell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/embr.201337371","article-title":"Type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu1) trigger the gating of GluD2 delta glutamate receptors","volume":"15","author":"Ady","year":"2014","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25101","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M303266200","article-title":"Direct interaction and functional coupling between metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 1 and voltage-sensitive Cav2.1 Ca2+ channel","volume":"278","author":"Kitano","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108426","article-title":"Symmetric signal transduction and negative allosteric modulation of heterodimeric mGlu1\/5 receptors","volume":"190","author":"Werthmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-163147","article-title":"A new approach to analyze cell surface protein complexes reveals specific heterodimeric metabotropic glutamate receptors","volume":"25","author":"Doumazane","year":"2011","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6488","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-15-06488.1999","article-title":"Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors at GABAergic synapses in monkeys","volume":"19","author":"Hanson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12779","article-title":"Distinct subsynaptic localization of type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors at glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses in the rodent cerebellar cortex","volume":"41","author":"Mansouri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3249","article-title":"Regulation of neuronal GABAB receptor functions by subunit composition","volume":"13","author":"Gassmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-0990-0","article-title":"Structural basis for KCTD-mediated rapid desensitization of GABAB signalling","volume":"567","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8370","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1903024116","article-title":"Structural basis for auxiliary subunit KCTD16 regulation of the GABAB receptor","volume":"116","author":"Zuo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08964","article-title":"Native GABAB receptors are heteromultimers with a family of auxiliary subunits","volume":"465","author":"Schwenk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2021.108629","article-title":"mGluR1 signaling in cerebellar Purkinje cells: Subcellular organization and involvement in cerebellar function and disease","volume":"194","author":"Yamasaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1999.00626.x","article-title":"Activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 by metabotropic glutamate receptors","volume":"11","author":"Ferraguti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.04.015","article-title":"Auxiliary GABAB receptor subunits uncouple G protein \u03b2\u03b3 subunits from effector channels to induce desensitization","volume":"82","author":"Turecek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(93)90086-7","article-title":"The metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1 alpha) is concentrated at perisynaptic membrane of neuronal subpopulations as detected by immunogold reaction","volume":"11","author":"Baude","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01855.x","article-title":"Distinct localization of GABAB receptors relative to synaptic sites in the rat cerebellum and ventrobasal thalamus","volume":"15","author":"Kulik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mao, L.-M., Bodepudi, A., Chu, X.-P., and Wang, J.Q. (2022). Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors and Interacting Partners: An Update. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020840"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7541","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0359022","article-title":"Desensitization and internalization of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1a following activation of heterologous Gq\/11-coupled receptors","volume":"43","author":"Mundell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3402","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3192-12.2013","article-title":"Phosphorylation and feedback regulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 by calcium\/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II","volume":"33","author":"Jin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2329","article-title":"betaCaMKII controls the direction of plasticity at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses","volume":"12","author":"Hoebeek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8407609","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8407609","article-title":"14-3-3 Proteins in Glutamatergic Synapses","volume":"2018","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2005.08.010","article-title":"RGS proteins have a signalling complex: Interactions between RGS proteins and GPCRs, effectors, and auxiliary proteins","volume":"18","author":"Roy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32354","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.391458","article-title":"The acid-sensitive, anesthetic-activated potassium leak channel, KCNK3, is regulated by 14-3-3\u03b2-dependent, protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated endocytic trafficking","volume":"287","author":"Gabriel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2698","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201500400","article-title":"Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors 1 and 5 form a protein complex in mouse hippocampus and cortex","volume":"16","author":"Pandya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.008","article-title":"Cell biology and dynamics of Neuronal Na+\/K+-ATPase in health and diseases","volume":"169","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.109.061234","article-title":"Structure and function of heterotrimeric G protein-regulated Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors","volume":"77","author":"Aittaleb","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1080\/21541248.2016.1206352","article-title":"RhoGTPases at the synapse: An embarrassment of choice","volume":"8","author":"Ba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Small GTPases"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1038\/nn764","article-title":"GABA(B) receptor activation enhances mGluR-mediated responses at cerebellar excitatory synapses","volume":"4","author":"Hirono","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16952","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0405387101","article-title":"Ca 2+ activity at GABA B receptors constitutively promotes metabotropic glutamate signaling in the absence of GABA","volume":"101","author":"Tabata","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.141010","article-title":"Postsynaptic GABAB receptor signalling enhances LTD in mouse cerebellar Purkinje cells","volume":"585","author":"Kamikubo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2009.177","article-title":"Crosstalk between GABAB and mGlu1a receptors reveals new insight into GPCR signal integration","volume":"28","author":"Rives","year":"2009","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9668","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0362-09.2009","article-title":"Functional Coupling between mGluR1 and Cav3.1 T-Type Calcium Channels Contributes to Parallel Fiber-Induced Fast Calcium Signaling within Purkinje Cell Dendritic Spines","volume":"29","author":"Hildebrand","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.103770","article-title":"Kinetic, pharmacological and activity-dependent separation of two Ca 2+ signalling pathways mediated by type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors in rat Purkinje neurones","volume":"573","author":"Canepari","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21493","article-title":"mGluR1 agonists elicit a Ca2+ signal and membrane hyperpolarization mediated by apamin-sensitive potassium channels in immature rat purkinje neurons","volume":"86","author":"Netzeband","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e68274","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.68274","article-title":"GABAB receptor auxiliary subunits modulate Cav2.3-mediated release from medial habenula terminals","volume":"10","author":"Bhandari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/12\/9\/1325\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:30:03Z","timestamp":1760124603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/12\/9\/1325"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["cells12091325"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12091325","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]}}}