{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T18:23:41Z","timestamp":1776882221180,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":169,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure that uses electrical neuromodulation to target specific regions of the brain, showing potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) and Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). Despite similarities in disease pathology, DBS is currently only approved for use in PD patients, with limited literature on its effectiveness in AD. While DBS has shown promise in ameliorating brain circuits in PD, further research is needed to determine the optimal parameters for DBS and address any potential side effects. This review emphasizes the need for foundational and clinical research on DBS in different brain regions to treat AD and recommends the development of a classification system for adverse effects. Furthermore, this review suggests the use of either a low-frequency system (LFS) or high-frequency system (HFS) depending on the specific symptoms of the patient for both PD and AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12111478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T01:52:43Z","timestamp":1685065963000},"page":"1478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Deep Brain Stimulation beyond the Clinic: Navigating the Future of Parkinson\u2019s and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5419-2015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Degiri Kalana Lasanga","family":"Senevirathne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anns","family":"Mahboob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2556-5641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6283-1596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pradipta","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Kammen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darrin Jason","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"},{"name":"USC Neurorestoration Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad S.","family":"Yousef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0171-143X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Chaari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30403-4","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other dementias, 1990\u20132016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"18","author":"Nichols","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-019-0524-y","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Risk factors and potentially protective measures","volume":"26","author":"Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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