{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:19:45Z","timestamp":1760149185988,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre (Poland)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/03\/X\/NZ4\/01246","506.539.04.00","005\/RID\/2018\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/03\/X\/NZ4\/01246","506.539.04.00","005\/RID\/2018\/19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology on the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science in Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland","award":["2019\/03\/X\/NZ4\/01246","506.539.04.00","005\/RID\/2018\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/03\/X\/NZ4\/01246","506.539.04.00","005\/RID\/2018\/19"]}]},{"name":"Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education","award":["2019\/03\/X\/NZ4\/01246","506.539.04.00","005\/RID\/2018\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/03\/X\/NZ4\/01246","506.539.04.00","005\/RID\/2018\/19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Connexins are important proteins involved in cell-to-cell communication and cytodifferentiation during renewal and cornification of the multilayered epithelia. So far, there is a lack of reports on this subject in birds\u2019 structurally different ortho- and parakeratinized epithelium of the tongue. The study aims to describe the distribution and expression profiles of the \u03b1-connexins (Cx40 and 43) and \u03b2-connexins (Cx26, 30, and 31) in those epithelia in duck, goose, and domestic turkey. Research revealed the presence of the mentioned connexins and the occurrence of interspecies differences. Connexins form gap junctions in the cell membrane or are in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes. Differences in connexin expression were noted between the basal and intermediate layers, which may determine the proliferation of keratinocytes. Cx40, 43, and Cx30 in the gap junction of the keratinocytes of the intermediate layer are related to the synchronization of the cornification process. Because of the exfoliation of cornified plaques, a lack of connexins was observed in the cornified layer of orthokeratinized epithelium. However, in parakeratinized epithelium, connexins were present in the cell membrane of keratinocytes and thus maintained cellular integrity in gradually desquamating cells. The current studies will be useful in further comparative analyses of normal and pathological epithelia of the oral cavity in birds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12131776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T00:33:42Z","timestamp":1688517222000},"page":"1776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pattern Distribution of Connexins in the Ortho- and Parakeratinized Epithelium of the Lingual Mucosa in Birds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1031-3425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kinga","family":"Skieresz-Szewczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Jackowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.116.3.639","article-title":"Multiple gap junction genes are utilized during rat skin and hair development","volume":"116","author":"Risek","year":"1992","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6453","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.14.6453","article-title":"Switch in gap junction protein expression is associated with selective changes in junctional permeability during keratinocyte differentiation","volume":"91","author":"Brissette","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. 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