{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:09:06Z","timestamp":1792195746596,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>CD30, also known as TNFRSF8 (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 8), is a protein receptor that is heavily glycosylated inside the Golgi apparatus, as well as a tumor marker that is found on the surface of specific cells in the body, including certain immune cells and cancer ones. This review aims to shed light on the critical importance of CD30, from its emergence in the cell to its position in diagnosing various diseases, including Hodgkin lymphoma, where it is expressed on Hodgkin and Reed\u2013Sternberg cells, as well as embryonal carcinoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). In addition to its role in positive diagnosis, targeting CD30 has been a promising approach treating CD30-positive lymphomas, and there is ongoing research into the potential use of CD30-targeted therapies for autoimmune disorders. We aim to elaborate on CD30\u2019s roles as a tumor marker, supporting thus the hypothesis that this receptor might be the aim of cytostatic treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12131783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]],"date-time":"2023-07-06T00:34:30Z","timestamp":1688603670000},"page":"1783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Polyvalent Role of CD30 for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Adrian Vasile","family":"Dumitru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5695-9208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana Antonia","family":"\u021a\u0103poi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgian","family":"Halcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Col\u021bea Clinical Hospital, 030171 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Octavian","family":"Munteanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3213-684X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David-Ioan","family":"Dumitrascu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2655-8160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihail Constantin","family":"Ceau\u0219u","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Alexandru Trestioreanu Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ancu\u021ba-Augustina","family":"Gheorghi\u0219an-G\u0103l\u0103\u021beanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"C.I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.2.5.510","article-title":"Clinicopathologic and Molecular Features of Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"2","author":"Younes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/S0888-7543(05)80203-4","article-title":"Assignment of the human CD30 (Ki-1) gene to 1p36","volume":"14","author":"Fonatsch","year":"1992","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90361-S","article-title":"CD30 antigen, a marker for Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma, is a receptor whose ligand defines an emerging family of cytokines with homology to TNF","volume":"73","author":"Smith","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.2001.01226.x","article-title":"Loss of CD30 expression in metastatic embryonal carcinoma: The effects of chemotherapy?","volume":"39","author":"Berney","year":"2001","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5896","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.11.5896","article-title":"Functional effects of CD30 on a large granular lymphoma cell line, YT. Inhibition of cytotoxicity, regulation of CD28 and IL-2R, and induction of homotypic aggregation","volume":"151","author":"Bowen","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4103\/ua.ua_69_21","article-title":"The core four\u2014A panel of immunohistochemistry markers to diagnose and subtype testicular germ cell tumors","volume":"14","author":"Ranjitha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Urol Ann."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buchan, S.L., and Al-Shamkhani, A. (2012). Distinct Motifs in the Intracellular Domain of Human CD30 Differentially Activate Canonical and Alternative Transcription Factor NF-\u03baB Signaling. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045244"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5105","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.9.5105","article-title":"CD30 Signals Integrate Expression of Cytotoxic Effector Molecules, Lymphocyte Trafficking Signals, and Signals for Proliferation and Apoptosis1","volume":"165","author":"Muta","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1997.1228","article-title":"CD30-Regulated Apoptosis in Murine CD8 T Cells after Cessation of TCR Signals","volume":"182","author":"Telford","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell Immunol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02720-1","article-title":"Comparison of pediatric and adult lymphomas involving the mediastinum characterized by distinctive clinicopathological and radiological features","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.5301\/TJ.5000687","article-title":"IgG4-related Disease in Thymus. A Very Rare Case of Chronic Fibrosis Mimicking Sarcoidosis","volume":"103","author":"Simonetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tumori J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2212","article-title":"Masses in the mediastinum: Primary mediastinal lymphoma and intermediate types","volume":"33","author":"Johnson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-017-2331-0","article-title":"Distribution of malignant lymphomas in the anterior mediastinum: A single-institution study of 76 cases in Japan, 1997\u20132016","volume":"106","author":"Maeshima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.4.2893","article-title":"Tumors of the Mediastinum","volume":"128","author":"Duwe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1724","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e31821ea57c","article-title":"Policies and Reporting Guidelines for Small Biopsy Specimens of Mediastinal Masses","volume":"6","author":"Marchevsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqv024","article-title":"LMO2 Is a Specific Marker of T-Lymphoblastic Leukemia\/Lymphoma","volume":"145","author":"Jevremovic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/PAI.0000000000000107","article-title":"Diagnostic Utility of the Germinal Center\u2013associated Markers GCET1, HGAL, and LMO2 in Hematolymphoid Neoplasms","volume":"23","author":"Menter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Immunohistochem. Mol. Morphol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e705","DOI":"10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000705","article-title":"Concurrent Composite Lymphomas Collectively Bearing Three Diagnostic Entities of Shared Clonal Origin","volume":"6","author":"Alduaij","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hemasphere"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22233","article-title":"Breast implant\u2013associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma and effusions: A review with emphasis on the role of cytopathology","volume":"128","author":"Julien","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.24366","article-title":"CD15, CD30, and PAX5 evaluation in Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma on fine-needle aspiration cytology samples","volume":"48","author":"Cozzolino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11068","article-title":"Primary germ cell tumors in the mediastinum","volume":"97","author":"Takeda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2012.01.002","article-title":"Malignant ovarian germ-cell tumours","volume":"26","author":"Low","year":"2012","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obs. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2008.02.002","article-title":"Germ cell tumors of the ovary","volume":"34","author":"Pectasides","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-6-12","article-title":"Ovarian dysgerminomas are characterised by frequent KIT mutations and abundant expression of pluripotency markers","volume":"6","author":"Kraggerud","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(95)90115-9","article-title":"Differentiation potential of ovarian dysgerminoma: An immunohistochemical study of 15 cases","volume":"26","author":"Walt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1999.01238.x","article-title":"Leukaemic presentation of small cell variant anaplastic large cell lymphoma: Report of four cases","volume":"104","author":"Bayle","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"2697","article-title":"ALK+ Lymphoma: Clinico-Pathological Findings and Outcome","volume":"93","author":"Falini","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3681","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.12.3681","article-title":"CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma: A review of its histopathologic, genetic, and clinical features","volume":"96","author":"Stein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65629-5","article-title":"ALK Expression Defines a Distinct Group of T\/Null Lymphomas (\u2018ALK Lymphomas\u2019) with a Wide Morphological Spectrum","volume":"153","author":"Falini","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.38.5724","article-title":"Revised Prognostic Staging System for Light Chain Amyloidosis Incorporating Cardiac Biomarkers and Serum Free Light Chain Measurements","volume":"30","author":"Kumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"1207","article-title":"Frequent expression of the NPM-ALK chimeric fusion protein in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, lympho-histiocytic type","volume":"150","author":"Pileri","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2014.963081","article-title":"CD68 staining correlates with the size of residual mass but not with survival in classical Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"56","author":"Agur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1409","article-title":"MALT lymphoma: From morphology to molecules","volume":"4","author":"Isaacson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199901000-00005","article-title":"Transformation of the small cell variant Ki-1+ lymphoma to anaplastic large cell lymphoma: Pathologic and clinical features","volume":"23","author":"Hodges","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12251","article-title":"Peripheral T-cell and NK-cell lymphomas and their mimics; taking a step forward\u2013report on the lymphoma workshop of the XVI th meeting of the European Association for Haematopathology and the Society for Hematopathology","volume":"64","author":"Attygalle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3653","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.12.3653","article-title":"Primary and secondary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders: A report from the Dutch Cutaneous Lymphoma Group on the long-term follow-up data of 219 patients and guidelines for diagnosis and treatment","volume":"95","author":"Bekkenk","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"343","article-title":"The monoclonal antibody ALK1 identifies a distinct morphological subtype of anaplastic large cell lymphoma associated with 2p23\/ALK rearrangements","volume":"151","author":"Pittaluga","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V86.5.1954.bloodjournal8651954","article-title":"Anaplastic large cell lymphomas expressing the novel chimeric protein p80NPM\/ALK: A distinct clinicopathologic entity","volume":"86","author":"Shiota","year":"1995","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896915579103","article-title":"Axillary lymphadenopathy: An outstanding presentation for breast implant\u2013associated ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma","volume":"23","author":"Granados","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.12701\/yujm.2020.00801","article-title":"Breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL)","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Yeungnam Univ. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181bf677d","article-title":"CD30 expression and proliferative fraction in non-transformed mycosis fungoides","volume":"33","author":"Edinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3082","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-05-154609","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of patients with advanced-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and large cell transformation","volume":"112","author":"Arulogun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.3.779","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with extracutaneous mycosis fungoides","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"513","article-title":"Unusual involvement in mycosis fungoides: Duodenal papilla","volume":"108","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Enferm. Dig."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000153121.57515.c6","article-title":"Histopathologic features of early (patch) lesions of mycosis fungoides: A morphologic study on 745 biopsy specimens from 427 patients","volume":"29","author":"Massone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199206000-00002","article-title":"Clinicopathologic and immunologic features associated with transformation of mycosis fungoides to large-cell lymphoma","volume":"16","author":"Cerroni","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-03-055749","article-title":"Revisions to the staging and classification of mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome: A proposal of the International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas (ISCL) and the cutaneous lymphoma task force of the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)","volume":"110","author":"Olsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-01-0039","article-title":"cAC10-vcMMAE, an anti-CD30\u2013monomethyl auristatin E conjugate with potent and selective antitumor activity","volume":"102","author":"Francisco","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2289","article-title":"The discovery and development of brentuximab vedotin for use in relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma and systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma","volume":"30","author":"Senter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-013-0077-7","article-title":"Management of relapsed or refractory hodgkin lymphoma with second-generation antibody-drug conjugates: Focus on brentuximab vedotin","volume":"28","author":"Mei","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-2069","article-title":"Intracellular Activation of SGN-35, a Potent Anti-CD30 Antibody-Drug ConjugateReleased Drug from SGN-35","volume":"16","author":"Okeley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60165-9","article-title":"Brentuximab vedotin as consolidation therapy after autologous stem-cell transplantation in patients with Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma at risk of relapse or progression (AETHERA): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"385","author":"Moskowitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.38.0410","article-title":"Results of a pivotal phase II study of brentuximab vedotin for patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma","volume":"30","author":"Younes","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2015-0227","article-title":"Brentuximab vedotin in transplant-na\u00efve relapsed\/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: Experience in 30 patients","volume":"20","author":"Zinzani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2014-0420","article-title":"Brentuximab vedotin in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma and a failed allogeneic stem cell transplantation: Results from a named patient program at four Italian centers","volume":"20","author":"Ricci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3744","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-0164","article-title":"Combining AFM13, a Bispecific CD30\/CD16 Antibody, with Cytokine-Activated Blood and Cord Blood\u2013Derived NK Cells Facilitates CAR-like Responses Against CD30+ MalignanciesAFM13-Loaded NK Cells as Therapy for CD30+ Tumors","volume":"27","author":"Kerbauy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hogan, L.E., Vasquez, J., Hobbs, K.S., Hanhauser, E., Aguilar-Rodriguez, B., Hussien, R., Thanh, C., Gibson, E.A., Carvidi, A.B., and Smith, L.C.B. (2018). Increased HIV-1 transcriptional activity and infectious burden in peripheral blood and gut-associated CD4+ T cells expressing CD30. PLoS Pathog., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006856"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910550523","article-title":"A CD16\/CD30 bispecific monoclonal antibody induces lysis of hodgkin\u2019s cells by unstimulated natural killer cells In AND In vivo","volume":"55","author":"Hombach","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/12\/13\/1783\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:06:25Z","timestamp":1760126785000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/12\/13\/1783"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["cells12131783"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12131783","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]}}}