{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:28:31Z","timestamp":1790951311840,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,8]],"date-time":"2023-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Canadian HIV Trials Network","award":["CTN PT028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTN PT028"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Canadian HIV Trials Network","award":["#311200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#311200"]}]},{"name":"Lotte &amp; John Hecht Memorial Foundation","award":["CTN PT028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTN PT028"]}]},{"name":"Lotte &amp; John Hecht Memorial Foundation","award":["#311200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#311200"]}]},{"name":"CIHR MSc scholarship","award":["CTN PT028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTN PT028"]}]},{"name":"CIHR MSc scholarship","award":["#311200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#311200"]}]},{"name":"FRQ-S doctoral scholarship","award":["CTN PT028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTN PT028"]}]},{"name":"FRQ-S doctoral scholarship","award":["#311200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#311200"]}]},{"name":"a Senior Salary Award from Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Sant\u00e9 (FRQS)","award":["CTN PT028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTN PT028"]}]},{"name":"a Senior Salary Award from Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Sant\u00e9 (FRQS)","award":["#311200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#311200"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic HIV infection is characterized by persistent inflammation despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Cannabinoids may help reduce systemic inflammation in people with HIV (PWH). To assess the effects of oral cannabinoids during HIV, ten PWH on ART were randomized (n = 5\/group) to increasing doses of oral \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): cannabidiol (CBD) combination (2.5:2.5\u201315:15 mg\/day) capsules or CBD-only (200\u2013800 mg\/day) capsules for 12 weeks. Blood specimens were collected prospectively 7\u201321 days prior to treatment initiation and at weeks 0 to 14. Plasma cytokine levels were determined via Luminex and ELISA. Immune cell subsets were characterized by flow cytometry. HIV DNA\/RNA were measured in circulating CD4 T-cells and sperm by ultra-sensitive qPCR. Results from both arms were combined for statistical analysis. Plasma levels of IFN-\u03b3, IL-1\u03b2, sTNFRII, and REG-3\u03b1 were significantly reduced at the end of treatment (p \u02c2 0.05). A significant decrease in frequencies of PD1+ memory CD4 T-cells, CD73+ regulatory CD4 T-cells, and M-DC8+ intermediate monocytes was also observed (p \u02c2 0.05), along with a transient decrease in CD28\u2013CD57+ senescent CD4 and CD8 T-cells. Ki-67+ CD4 T-cells, CCR2+ non-classical monocytes, and myeloid dendritic cells increased over time (p \u02c2 0.05). There were no significant changes in other inflammatory markers or HIV DNA\/RNA levels. These findings can guide future large clinical trials investigating cannabinoid anti-inflammatory properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12141811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:45:37Z","timestamp":1688949937000},"page":"1811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Effects of Oral Cannabinoids on Systemic Inflammation and Viral Reservoir Markers in People with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy: Results of the CTN PT028 Pilot Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3956-6189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralph-Sydney","family":"Mboumba Bouassa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences and CERMO-FC Research Centre, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H2X 3Y7, Canada"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8414-388X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eve","family":"Comeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences and CERMO-FC Research Centre, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H2X 3Y7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulia","family":"Alexandrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences and CERMO-FC Research Centre, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H2X 3Y7, Canada"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e9lie","family":"Pagliuzza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7406-8740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis","family":"Yero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences and CERMO-FC Research Centre, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H2X 3Y7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Samarani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"Needham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada"},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIHR Canadian HIV Trials 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Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"118","article-title":"Immune dysfunction, inflammation, and accelerated aging in patients on antiretroviral therapy","volume":"17","author":"Deeks","year":"2009","journal-title":"Top. 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