{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:15:00Z","timestamp":1790712900126,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1287\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1287\/21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"William and Karen Davidson Fund, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center (CB)","award":["1287\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1287\/21"]}]},{"name":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Neurosurgery","award":["1287\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1287\/21"]}]},{"name":"Henry Ford Health System","award":["1287\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1287\/21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. GBM contains a small subpopulation of glioma stem cells (GSCs) that are implicated in treatment resistance, tumor infiltration, and recurrence, and are thereby considered important therapeutic targets. Recent clinical studies have suggested that the choice of general anesthetic (GA), particularly propofol, during tumor resection, affects subsequent tumor response to treatments and patient prognosis. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying propofol\u2019s anti-tumor effects on GSCs and their interaction with microglia cells. Propofol exerted a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the self-renewal, expression of mesenchymal markers, and migration of GSCs and sensitized them to both temozolomide (TMZ) and radiation. At higher concentrations, propofol induced a large degree of cell death, as demonstrated using microfluid chip technology. Propofol increased the expression of the lncRNA BDNF-AS, which acts as a tumor suppressor in GBM, and silencing of this lncRNA partially abrogated propofol\u2019s effects. Propofol also inhibited the pro-tumorigenic GSC-microglia crosstalk via extracellular vesicles (EVs) and delivery of BDNF-AS. In conclusion, propofol exerted anti-tumor effects on GSCs, sensitized these cells to radiation and TMZ, and inhibited their pro-tumorigenic interactions with microglia via transfer of BDNF-AS by EVs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12151921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T01:35:56Z","timestamp":1690248956000},"page":"1921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Propofol Inhibits Glioma Stem Cell Growth and Migration and Their Interaction with Microglia via BDNF-AS and Extracellular Vesicles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9693-2635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rephael","family":"Nizar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6085-4177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Cazacu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cunli","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matan","family":"Krasner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, 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Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Fried","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Shaare Zedek Hospital, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shira","family":"Yuval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Shaare Zedek Hospital, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aharon","family":"Brodie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EviCure Ltd., Ness Ziona 7670306, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gila","family":"Kazimirsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7754-8069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naama","family":"Amos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ron","family":"Unger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, 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