{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:09:42Z","timestamp":1788480582835,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CAMS initiative for Innovative Medicine of China","award":["2021-I2M-1-034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-I2M-1-034"]}]},{"name":"CAMS initiative for Innovative Medicine of China","award":["201920200701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201920200701"]}]},{"name":"2020 Discipline Construction Project\u2014Special Construction","award":["2021-I2M-1-034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-I2M-1-034"]}]},{"name":"2020 Discipline Construction Project\u2014Special Construction","award":["201920200701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201920200701"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of arteries fueled by lipids. It is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Mesenchymal stem cells have been used for the treatment of atherosclerotic lesions. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been shown to regulate the activation state of macrophages and exhibit anti-inflammatory capabilities. However, the effect of allogeneic ADSCs in the treatment of AS have not been investigated. In this study, the early treatment effect and preliminary mechanism analysis of allogeneic rabbit ADSCs intravenous transplantation were investigated in a high-fat diet rabbit model. The polarization mechanism of rabbit ADSCs on the macrophage was further analyzed in vitro. Compared with the model group, blood lipid levels declined, the plaque area, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) uptake, scavenger receptor A1 and cluster of differentiation (CD) 36 levels were all significantly reduced, and the accumulation of inflammatory M1 macrophages, apoptosis, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 expression were decreased. The endothelial cells (CD31), M2 macrophages, IL-10 and the transforming growth factor (TGF)-\u03b2 levels increased. In vitro, ADSCs can promote the M1 macrophage phenotypic switch toward the M2 macrophage through their secreted exosomes, and the main mechanism includes increasing arginase 1 expression and IL-10 secretion, declining inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and TNF-\u03b1 secretion, and activating the STAT6 pathway. Therefore, allogeneic rabbit ADSC transplantation can transmigrate to the aortic atherosclerotic plaques and show a good effect in lowering blood lipids and alleviating atherosclerotic plaque in the early stage of AS by inhibiting ox-LDL uptake, inflammatory response, and endothelial damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12151936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T01:50:37Z","timestamp":1690422637000},"page":"1936","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Allogeneic Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Alleviates Atherosclerotic Plaque by Inhibiting Ox-LDL Uptake, Inflammatory Reaction and Endothelial Damage in Rabbits"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yanhong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiying","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiquan","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiwu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunlin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114722","article-title":"Plasma high density lipoproteins. 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