{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:18:26Z","timestamp":1787242706583,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002560","name":"Soonchunhyang University Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20220446"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220446"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002560","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002560","name":"Soonchunhyang University Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2021R1I1A1A01057511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1I1A1A01057511"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002560","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002560","name":"Soonchunhyang University Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KFRM21C0712C1-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFRM21C0712C1-13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002560","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation","award":["20220446"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220446"]}]},{"name":"Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation","award":["NRF-2021R1I1A1A01057511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1I1A1A01057511"]}]},{"name":"Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation","award":["KFRM21C0712C1-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFRM21C0712C1-13"]}]},{"name":"Korean Fund for Regenerative Medicine (KFRM) grant funded by the Korea government (the Ministry of Science and ICT, the Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare)","award":["20220446"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220446"]}]},{"name":"Korean Fund for Regenerative Medicine (KFRM) grant funded by the Korea government (the Ministry of Science and ICT, the Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare)","award":["NRF-2021R1I1A1A01057511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1I1A1A01057511"]}]},{"name":"Korean Fund for Regenerative Medicine (KFRM) grant funded by the Korea government (the Ministry of Science and ICT, the Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare)","award":["KFRM21C0712C1-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFRM21C0712C1-13"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Palatogenesis is a complex and intricate process involving the formation of the palate through various morphogenetic events highly dependent on the surrounding context. These events comprise outgrowth of palatal shelves from embryonic maxillary prominences, their elevation from a vertical to a horizontal position above the tongue, and their subsequent adhesion and fusion at the midline to separate oral and nasal cavities. Disruptions in any of these processes can result in cleft palate, a common congenital abnormality that significantly affects patient\u2019s quality of life, despite surgical intervention. Although many genes involved in palatogenesis have been identified through studies on genetically modified mice and human genetics, the precise roles of these genes and their products in signaling networks that regulate palatogenesis remain elusive. Recent investigations have revealed that palatal shelf growth, patterning, adhesion, and fusion are intricately regulated by numerous transcription factors and signaling pathways, including Sonic hedgehog (Shh), bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp), fibroblast growth factor (Fgf), transforming growth factor beta (Tgf-\u03b2), Wnt signaling, and others. These studies have also identified a significant number of genes that are essential for palate development. Integrated information from these studies offers novel insights into gene regulatory networks and dynamic cellular processes underlying palatal shelf elevation, contact, and fusion, deepening our understanding of palatogenesis, and facilitating the development of more efficacious treatments for cleft palate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12151954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T01:56:16Z","timestamp":1690509376000},"page":"1954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Gene Regulatory Networks and Signaling Pathways in Palatogenesis and Cleft Palate: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hyung-Jin","family":"Won","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"BIT Medical Convergence Graduate Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1672-5730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6084-6698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyung-Sun","family":"Won","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Jesaeng-Euise Clinical Anatomy Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6935-0936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong-Oh","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 33151, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"BK21 FOUR Project, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 33151, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20735","article-title":"Updated National Birth Prevalence estimates for selected birth defects in the United States, 2004\u20132006","volume":"88","author":"Parker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. 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