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Inflammation is essential in the recruitment of immune cells at the site of infection, which not only aids in the elimination of the cause, but also initiates the healing process. However, prolonged inflammation often brings about several chronic inflammatory disorders; hence, a balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory responses is essential in order to eliminate the cause while producing the least damage to the host. A growing body of evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a major role in cell\u2013cell communication via the transfer of bioactive molecules in the form of proteins, lipids, DNA, RNAs, miRNAs, etc., between the cells. The present review provides a brief classification of the EVs followed by a detailed description of how EVs contribute to the pathogenesis of various inflammation-associated diseases and their implications as a therapeutic measure. The latter part of the review also highlights how EVs act as a bridging entity in blood coagulation disorders and associated inflammation. The findings illustrated in the present review may open a new therapeutic window to target EV-associated inflammatory responses, thereby minimizing the negative outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12151963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T01:39:32Z","timestamp":1690767572000},"page":"1963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Beyond Macromolecules: Extracellular Vesicles as Regulators of Inflammatory Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0386-0543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaushik","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhojit","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6359-653X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanmoy","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnab","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anshul","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3087-0413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prem","family":"Shankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8140-2033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saurabh","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1760-6186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiva","family":"Keshava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5062-8950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepak","family":"Parashar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Combarnous, Y., and Nguyen, T.M.D. (2020). 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