{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:47:33Z","timestamp":1790423253215,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":249,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,30]],"date-time":"2023-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review aims to provide a better understanding of the emerging role of mitophagy in glaucomatous neurodegeneration, which is the primary cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Increasing evidence from genetic and other experimental studies suggests that mitophagy-related genes are implicated in the pathogenesis of glaucoma in various populations. The association between polymorphisms in these genes and increased risk of glaucoma is presented. Reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma, while clinical trials highlight the inadequacy of IOP-lowering therapeutic approaches to prevent sight loss in many glaucoma patients. Mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to increase the susceptibility of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to other risk factors and is implicated in glaucomatous degeneration. Mitophagy holds a vital role in mitochondrial quality control processes, and the current review explores the mitophagy-related pathways which may be linked to glaucoma and their therapeutic potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12151969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T01:39:32Z","timestamp":1690767572000},"page":"1969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The Role of Mitophagy in Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Stavropoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, King\u2019s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, 417 Veterans Army Hospital (NIMTS), 11521 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjot K.","family":"Grewal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK"},{"name":"Division of Optometry and Visual Science, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bledi","family":"Petriti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical & Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queens Square Institute of Neurology, London NW3 2PF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5797-2922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai-Yin","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical & Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queens Square Institute of Neurology, London NW3 2PF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, St Thomas\u2019 Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2907-6992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David F.","family":"Garway-Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5936-1431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerassimos","family":"Lascaratos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, King\u2019s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK"},{"name":"Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators, and Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study (2021). Causes of Blindness and Vision Impairment in 2020 and Trends over 30 Years, and Prevalence of Avoidable Blindness in Relation to VISION 2020: The Right to Sight: An Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet Glob. Health, 9, e144\u2013e160."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2015.288","article-title":"Leading Causes of Certifiable Visual Loss in England and Wales during the Year Ending 31 March 2013","volume":"30","author":"Quartilho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.01.004","article-title":"Glaucoma","volume":"105","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(88)33176-3","article-title":"Chronic Human Glaucoma Causing Selectively Greater Loss of Large Optic Nerve Fibers","volume":"95","author":"Quigley","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2022.101136","article-title":"Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy: Mitochondrial Dynamics, Dysfunction and Protection in Retinal Ganglion Cells","volume":"95","author":"Ju","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.1995.tb00135.x","article-title":"Ganglion Cell Death in Glaucoma: Pathology Recapitulates Ontogeny","volume":"23","author":"Quigley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(71)80081-7","article-title":"Progress of the Glaucomatous Process Related to Recurrent Ischaemic Changes at the Optic Disc","volume":"11","author":"Begg","year":"1971","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.10.1268","article-title":"Reduction of Intraocular Pressure and Glaucoma Progression: Results from the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial","volume":"120","author":"Heijl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collaborative Normal-Tension Glaucoma Study Group (1998). The Effectiveness of Intraocular Pressure Reduction in the Treatment of Normal-Tension Glaucoma. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 126, 498\u2013505.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(98)00272-4"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62111-5","article-title":"Latanoprost for Open-Angle Glaucoma (UKGTS): A Randomised, Multicentre, Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"385","author":"Crabb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Lond. Engl."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04240-3","article-title":"Glaucoma","volume":"354","author":"Coleman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet Lond. Engl."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canadian Glaucoma Study Group Canadian Glaucoma Study: 1 (2006). Study Design, Baseline Characteristics, and Preliminary Analyses. Can. J. Ophthalmol. J. Can. Ophtalmol., 41, 566\u2013575.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-4182(06)80025-6"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2012.02492.x","article-title":"Rates of Visual Field Progression in Clinical Glaucoma Care","volume":"91","author":"Heijl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2023.05.20","article-title":"Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Glaucomatous Degeneration","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"3451","article-title":"Retinal Damage after 3 to 4 Months of Elevated Intraocular Pressure in a Rat Glaucoma Model","volume":"41","author":"Mittag","year":"2000","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.07.006","article-title":"Mitochondrial Dysfunction Indirectly Elevates ROS Production by the Endoplasmic Reticulum","volume":"18","author":"Murphy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2010.07.015","article-title":"Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Glaucoma and Emerging Bioenergetic Therapies","volume":"93","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.05.004","article-title":"Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Ocular Disease: Focus on Glaucoma","volume":"35","author":"Kamel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e318181284f","article-title":"Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Glaucoma","volume":"18","author":"Kong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00200","article-title":"Mitophagy: An Emerging Role in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00350","article-title":"Overexpression of Optic Atrophy Type 1 Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells and Upregulates Parkin Expression in Experimental Glaucoma","volume":"11","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-017-0146-9","article-title":"Overexpression of Parkin Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells in Experimental Glaucoma","volume":"9","author":"Dai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"3582","article-title":"Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 2 Knock-out Promotes Mitophagy to Decrease Retinal Ganglion Cell Death in a Mouse Model of Glaucoma","volume":"39","author":"Hass","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092314","article-title":"Mitochondrial Energetics and Therapeutics","volume":"5","author":"Wallace","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.244781","article-title":"Evidence on Neuroprotective Properties of Coenzyme Q10 in the Treatment of Glaucoma","volume":"14","author":"Martucci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.06.010","article-title":"Mitochondria: Dynamic Organelles in Disease, Aging, and Development","volume":"125","author":"Chan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100881","article-title":"Retinal Energy Metabolism in Health and Glaucoma","volume":"81","author":"Casson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22825","article-title":"An Energy Theory of Glaucoma","volume":"63","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1159\/000316478","article-title":"Mechanisms of Retinal Ganglion Cell Injury in Aging and Glaucoma","volume":"44","author":"Chrysostomou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2015.06.001","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Failure in the Pathogenesis of Glaucoma Neurodegeneration","volume":"220","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4358","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20131956","article-title":"Role of Mitochondria in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Glaucoma","volume":"126","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4049","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0490","article-title":"Caspase-Independent Component of Retinal Ganglion Cell Death, in Vitro","volume":"45","author":"Tezel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2014.2346","article-title":"Retinal Ganglion Cell Death Is Triggered by Paraptosis via Reactive Oxygen Species Production: A Brief Literature Review Presenting a Novel Hypothesis in Glaucoma Pathology","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)01124-2","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Ganglion \u201cCell Death\u201d in Glaucoma and Neuroprotection: Focus on Ganglion Cell Axonal Mitochondria","volume":"173","author":"Osborne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.344831","article-title":"Regulatory Mechanisms of Retinal Ganglion Cell Death in Normal Tension Glaucoma and Potential Therapies","volume":"18","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4581909","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4581909","article-title":"Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration in Glaucoma","volume":"2021","author":"Duarte","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4912","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2192","article-title":"Mitochondrial Defects and Dysfunction in Calcium Regulation in Glaucomatous Trabecular Meshwork Cells","volume":"49","author":"He","year":"2008","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.082230","article-title":"A Hypothesis to Suggest That Light Is a Risk Factor in Glaucoma and the Mitochondrial Optic Neuropathies","volume":"90","author":"Osborne","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05320.x","article-title":"Light Affects Mitochondria to Cause Apoptosis to Cultured Cells: Possible Relevance to Ganglion Cell Death in Certain Optic Neuropathies","volume":"105","author":"Osborne","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.009","article-title":"Evidence of Impaired Mitochondrial Cellular Bioenergetics in Ocular Fibroblasts Derived from Glaucoma Patients","volume":"189","author":"Vallabh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"1604","article-title":"Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, as a Measure of Mitochondrial Function, in Patients with Normal Tension Glaucoma vs Ocular Hypertension","volume":"54","author":"Lascaratos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"1009","article-title":"Normal Tension Glaucoma Patients Have Reduced Systemic Mitochondrial Function Compared to High Tension Glaucoma Patients","volume":"61","author":"Petriti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fcz035","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcz035","article-title":"Midget Retinal Ganglion Cell Dendritic and Mitochondrial Degeneration Is an Early Feature of Human Glaucoma","volume":"1","author":"Tribble","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"1182","article-title":"Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Calcium Overload in Human Lamina Cribrosa Cells from Glaucoma Donors","volume":"17","author":"McElnea","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Izzotti, A., Longobardi, M., Cartiglia, C., and Sacc\u00e0, S.C. (2011). Mitochondrial Damage in the Trabecular Meshwork Occurs Only in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and in Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014567"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2018.04.001","article-title":"The Effects of Age on Mitochondria, Axonal Transport, and Axonal Degeneration after Chronic IOP Elevation Using a Murine Ocular Explant Model","volume":"172","author":"Kimball","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.07057.x","article-title":"Modulation of Mitochondria in the Axon and Soma of Retinal Ganglion Cells in a Rat Glaucoma Model","volume":"115","author":"Munemasa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2017.04.003","article-title":"A Mouse Ocular Explant Model That Enables the Study of Living Optic Nerve Head Events after Acute and Chronic Intraocular Pressure Elevation: Focusing on Retinal Ganglion Cell Axons and Mitochondria","volume":"160","author":"Kimball","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal0092","article-title":"Vitamin B3 Modulates Mitochondrial Vulnerability and Prevents Glaucoma in Aged Mice","volume":"355","author":"Williams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2011.11.004","article-title":"Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Glaucoma: Understanding Genetic Influences","volume":"12","author":"Lascaratos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2019.107702","article-title":"Mendelian Genes in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma","volume":"186","author":"Sears","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5046","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20017","article-title":"Assessing the Association of Mitochondrial Genetic Variation with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Using Gene-Set Analyses","volume":"57","author":"Khawaja","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1066901","article-title":"Adult-Onset Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Caused by Mutations in Optineurin","volume":"295","author":"Rezaie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"145","article-title":"Inherited Mitochondrial Optic Neuropathies","volume":"46","author":"Griffiths","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.09.002","article-title":"Optic Disc Evaluation in Optic Neuropathies: The Optic Disc Assessment Project","volume":"118","author":"Kong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2016.08.001","article-title":"Autophagy in the Eye: Development, Degeneration, and Aging","volume":"55","author":"Boya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105433","article-title":"Role of Mitophagy in Mitochondrial Quality Control: Mechanisms and Potential Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"165","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201511036","article-title":"Metabolic Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics","volume":"212","author":"Mishra","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2017.50.6.056","article-title":"Emerging Role of Mitophagy in Human Diseases and Physiology","volume":"50","author":"Um","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMB Rep."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choubey, V., Zeb, A., and Kaasik, A. (2021). Molecular Mechanisms and Regulation of Mammalian Mitophagy. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11010038"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2016.01.028","article-title":"The Mitochondrial Basis of Aging","volume":"61","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867053363081","article-title":"Alterations of Mitochondrial DNA in Common Diseases and Disease States: Aging, Neurodegeneration, Heart Failure, Diabetes, and Cancer","volume":"12","author":"Kang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doblado, L., Lueck, C., Rey, C., Samhan-Arias, A.K., Prieto, I., Stacchiotti, A., and Monsalve, M. (2021). Mitophagy in Human Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22083903"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.3.22","article-title":"Mitophagy: An Emerging Target in Ocular Pathology","volume":"62","author":"Skeie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000001466","article-title":"Genomic Characterization of TBK1 Duplication in Korean Normal-Tension Glaucoma Patients","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.021","article-title":"Confirmation of TBK1 Duplication in Normal Tension Glaucoma","volume":"96","author":"Kawase","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.104","article-title":"TBK1 Gene Duplication and Normal-Tension Glaucoma","volume":"132","author":"Ritch","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8251","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15712","article-title":"DNA Copy Number Variants of Known Glaucoma Genes in Relation to Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma","volume":"55","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr123","article-title":"Copy Number Variations on Chromosome 12q14 in Patients with Normal Tension Glaucoma","volume":"20","author":"Fingert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"T6","article-title":"Tank-Binding Kinase 1 (TBK1) Gene and Open-Angle Glaucomas (An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis)","volume":"114","author":"Fingert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"124","article-title":"Transgenic TBK1 Mice Have Features of Normal Tension Glaucoma","volume":"26","author":"Fingert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"1074","article-title":"Down-Regulation of OPA1 in Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma","volume":"17","author":"Bosley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-001-0645-7","article-title":"A Major Marker for Normal Tension Glaucoma: Association with Polymorphisms in the OPA1 Gene","volume":"110","author":"Aung","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2009.067512","article-title":"OPA1 Increases the Risk of Normal but Not High Tension Glaucoma","volume":"47","author":"Stewart","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1080\/13816810.2021.1970197","article-title":"Associations between OPA1, MFN1, and MFN2 Polymorphisms and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in Polish Participants of European Ancestry","volume":"43","author":"Milanowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Genet."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolf, C., Gramer, E., M\u00fcller-Myhsok, B., Pasutto, F., Reinthal, E., Wissinger, B., and Weisschuh, N. (2009). Evaluation of Nine Candidate Genes in Patients with Normal Tension Glaucoma: A Case Control Study. BMC Med. Genet., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-10-91"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-020-0257-4","article-title":"Age Related Retinal Ganglion Cell Susceptibility in Context of Autophagy Deficiency","volume":"6","author":"Bell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-1044-5","article-title":"Rapamycin and Fasting Sustain Autophagy Response Activated by Ischemia\/Reperfusion Injury and Promote Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival","volume":"9","author":"Russo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.661","article-title":"Common Variants near CAV1 and CAV2 Are Associated with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma","volume":"42","author":"Thorleifsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-013-1349-5","article-title":"Genome-Wide Association Study and Meta-Analysis of Intraocular Pressure","volume":"133","author":"Ozel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.09.012","article-title":"Association of CAV1\/CAV2 Genomic Variants with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Overall and by Gender and Pattern of Visual Field Loss","volume":"121","author":"Loomis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4707","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr382","article-title":"Common Variants near CAV1 and CAV2 Are Associated with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Caucasians from the USA","volume":"20","author":"Wiggs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13744","article-title":"Association of the CAV1-CAV2 Locus with Normal-Tension Glaucoma in Chinese and Japanese","volume":"48","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Experiment. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27837","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27837","article-title":"Ethnic Specific Association of the CAV1\/CAV2 Locus with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma","volume":"6","author":"Rong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddab099","article-title":"Proteomic Analysis of Aged and OPTN E50K Retina in the Development of Normal Tension Glaucoma","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.02.012","article-title":"Visual Impairment in an Optineurin Mouse Model of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma","volume":"36","author":"Tseng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2606","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq146","article-title":"Overexpression of Optineurin E50K Disrupts Rab8 Interaction and Leads to a Progressive Retinal Degeneration in Mice","volume":"19","author":"Chi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5368","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0196","article-title":"SNPs and Interaction Analyses of Noelin 2, Myocilin, and Optineurin Genes in Japanese Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma","volume":"47","author":"Funayama","year":"2006","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"816","article-title":"OPTN Gene: Profile of Patients with Glaucoma from India","volume":"12","author":"Sripriya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"667","article-title":"Role of CYP1B1, MYOC, OPTN, and OPTC Genes in Adult-Onset Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Predominance of CYP1B1 Mutations in Indian Patients","volume":"13","author":"Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"554","article-title":"Polymorphisms of myocilin and optineurin in primary open angle glaucoma patients","volume":"86","author":"Yao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_92","first-page":"625","article-title":"SNPs and Interaction Analyses of Myocilin, Optineurin, and Apolipoprotein E in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Patients","volume":"11","author":"Fan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4498","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22337-2","article-title":"Detection of Mutations in MYOC, OPTN, NTF4, WDR36 and CYP1B1 in Chinese Juvenile Onset Open-Angle Glaucoma Using Exome Sequencing","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.5557","article-title":"Molecular Analysis of Myocilin and Optineurin Genes in Korean Primary Glaucoma Patients","volume":"14","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_95","first-page":"217","article-title":"The Role of TIGR and OPTN in Finnish Glaucoma Families: A Clinical and Molecular Genetic Study","volume":"9","author":"Forsman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2816","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-1133","article-title":"Clinical Features and Course of Patients with Glaucoma with the E50K Mutation in the Optineurin Gene","volume":"46","author":"Aung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, D., Funayama, T., Mashima, Y., Takano, Y., Shimizu, A., Yamamoto, K., Mengkegale, M., Miyazawa, A., Yasuda, N., and Fukuchi, T. (2013). Association of HK2 and NCK2 with Normal Tension Glaucoma in the Japanese Population. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054115"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-019-04467-z","article-title":"Association of HK2 and NCK2 with Normal-Tension Glaucoma in a Population from the Republic of Korea","volume":"257","author":"Jung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4384","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22304","article-title":"Genetic Association of the PARL-ABCC5-HTR3D-HTR3C Locus With Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma in Chinese","volume":"58","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2003.016089","article-title":"Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Is Associated with a Specific P53 Gene Haplotype","volume":"41","author":"Ressiniotis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"ref_101","first-page":"1939","article-title":"Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in a Caucasian Population Is Associated with the P53 Codon 72 Polymorphism","volume":"15","author":"Daugherty","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.7.767","article-title":"Distributions of P53 Codon 72 Polymorphism in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma","volume":"86","author":"Lin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8467","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7489","article-title":"WDR36 and P53 Gene Variants and Susceptibility to Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Analysis of Gene-Gene Interactions","volume":"52","author":"Alvarez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"51","article-title":"Association between P53 Codon 72 (Arg72Pro) Polymorphism and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Iranian Patients","volume":"19","author":"Neamatzadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran. Biomed. J."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1080\/13816810.2017.1413661","article-title":"TP53 Codon 72 Polymorphism and the Risk of Glaucoma in a North Indian Cohort: A Genetic Association Study","volume":"39","author":"Gupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Genet."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3756","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9818","article-title":"Association of TP53 Polymorphisms with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"53","author":"Guo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12875","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28559","article-title":"Association between Rs4938723 Polymorphism and the Risk of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) in a Chinese Population","volume":"120","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, Y.-W., Bak, E., Wy, S., Lee, S.-C., Kim, Y.-J., Kim, Y.-K., Park, K.-H., and Jeoung, J.-W. (2021). Genetic Risk and Phenotype Correlation of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Based on Rho-Kinase Gene Polymorphisms. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10091953"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)01128-X","article-title":"TNF-Alpha Signaling in Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration","volume":"173","author":"Tezel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12633","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2801-06.2006","article-title":"Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Mediates Oligodendrocyte Death and Delayed Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss in a Mouse Model of Glaucoma","volume":"26","author":"Nakazawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_111","first-page":"1787","article-title":"TNF-Alpha and TNF-Alpha Receptor-1 in the Retina of Normal and Glaucomatous Eyes","volume":"42","author":"Tezel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3405","DOI":"10.1113\/JP282567","article-title":"Parkin: A Potential Target to Promote Healthy Ageing","volume":"600","author":"Hussain","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1839","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2015.180","article-title":"DRP1 Inhibition Rescues Retinal Ganglion Cells and Their Axons by Preserving Mitochondrial Integrity in a Mouse Model of Glaucoma","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22781","article-title":"Increased Mitochondrial Fission and Volume Density by Blocking Glutamate Excitotoxicity Protect Glaucomatous Optic Nerve Head Astrocytes","volume":"63","author":"Ju","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2456-6","article-title":"Loss of AKAP1 Triggers Drp1 Dephosphorylation-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission and Loss in Retinal Ganglion Cells","volume":"11","author":"Edwards","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00201","article-title":"Cell Autonomous Neuroprotection by the Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 2 in a Mouse Model of Glaucoma","volume":"13","author":"Hass","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e31829d9b91","article-title":"Alteration of UCP2 and ZO-1 Expression in Trabecular Meshwork of Neovascular Glaucoma Patients","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.101883","article-title":"Retinal Oxidative Stress Activates the NRF2\/ARE Pathway: An Early Endogenous Protective Response to Ocular Hypertension","volume":"42","author":"Naguib","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goncalves, A., B\u00fcrckst\u00fcmmer, T., Dixit, E., Scheicher, R., G\u00f3rna, M.W., Karayel, E., Sugar, C., Stukalov, A., Berg, T., and Kralovics, R. (2011). Functional Dissection of the TBK1 Molecular Network. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023971"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6694","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.23.6694","article-title":"NF-KappaB Activation by a Signaling Complex Containing TRAF2, TANK and TBK1, a Novel IKK-Related Kinase","volume":"18","author":"Pomerantz","year":"1999","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2013.01.059","article-title":"Recent Insights into the Complexity of Tank-Binding Kinase 1 Signaling Networks: The Emerging Role of Cellular Localization in the Activation and Substrate Specificity of TBK1","volume":"587","author":"Helgason","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4039","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1523926113","article-title":"Phosphorylation of OPTN by TBK1 Enhances Its Binding to Ub Chains and Promotes Selective Autophagy of Damaged Mitochondria","volume":"113","author":"Richter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3109\/13816810.2013.768674","article-title":"TBK1 and Flanking Genes in Human Retina","volume":"35","author":"Fingert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Genet."},{"key":"ref_124","first-page":"161","article-title":"Duplication of TBK1 Stimulates Autophagy in IPSC-Derived Retinal Cells from a Patient with Normal Tension Glaucoma","volume":"3","author":"Tucker","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)02985-X","article-title":"The Human Dynamin-Related Protein OPA1 Is Anchored to the Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Facing the Inter-Membrane Space","volume":"523","author":"Olichon","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-001-0633-y","article-title":"Mutation Spectrum and Splicing Variants in the OPA1 Gene","volume":"109","author":"Delettre","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muench, N.A., Patel, S., Maes, M.E., Donahue, R.J., Ikeda, A., and Nickells, R.W. (2021). The Influence of Mitochondrial Dynamics and Function on Retinal Ganglion Cell Susceptibility in Optic Nerve Disease. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10071593"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7743","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C200677200","article-title":"Loss of OPA1 Perturbates the Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Structure and Integrity, Leading to Cytochrome c Release and Apoptosis","volume":"278","author":"Olichon","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm079","article-title":"Opa1 Deficiency in a Mouse Model of Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy Impairs Mitochondrial Morphology, Optic Nerve Structure and Visual Function","volume":"16","author":"Davies","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm298","article-title":"OPA1 Mutations Induce Mitochondrial DNA Instability and Optic Atrophy \u201cplus\u201d Phenotypes","volume":"131","author":"Valentino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003491","article-title":"Dysregulated Mitophagy and Mitochondrial Organization in Optic Atrophy Due to OPA1 Mutations","volume":"88","author":"Liao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.06.025","article-title":"OPA1 Controls Apoptotic Cristae Remodeling Independently from Mitochondrial Fusion","volume":"126","author":"Frezza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1093","article-title":"Developmental Expression Profile of the Optic Atrophy Gene Product: OPA1 Is Not Localized Exclusively in the Mammalian Retinal Ganglion Cell Layer","volume":"45","author":"Aijaz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20586","article-title":"OPA1 Expression in the Normal Rat Retina and Optic Nerve","volume":"488","author":"Ju","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4217","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1261","article-title":"OPA1, the Disease Gene for Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy, Is Specifically Expressed in Ganglion Cells and Intrinsic Neurons of the Retina","volume":"45","author":"Pesch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2006.06.004","article-title":"OPA1 Expression in the Human Retina and Optic Nerve","volume":"83","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-002-0711-9","article-title":"Investigating the Association between OPA1 Polymorphisms and Glaucoma: Comparison between Normal Tension and High Tension Primary Open Angle Glaucoma","volume":"110","author":"Aung","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.09.028","article-title":"The OPA1 Gene Polymorphism Is Associated with Normal Tension and High Tension Glaucoma","volume":"143","author":"Mabuchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_139","first-page":"2137","article-title":"No Association between OPA1 Polymorphisms and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Three Different Populations","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_140","first-page":"473","article-title":"Polymorphism Analysis of GSTM1 and OPA1 Genes in Greek Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma","volume":"30","author":"Lavaris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vivo"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ijg.0000137870.25779.40","article-title":"Investigation of the Association between OPA1 Polymorphisms and Normal-Tension Glaucoma in Korea","volume":"13","author":"Woo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_142","first-page":"649","article-title":"Evaluation of the Association between OPA1 Polymorphisms and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Barbados Families","volume":"12","author":"Yao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4110","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4974","article-title":"Association of Polymorphisms of Tumor Necrosis Factor and Tumor Protein P53 with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma","volume":"51","author":"Fan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2012.11.013","article-title":"Association Study of Multiple Gene Polymorphisms with the Risk of Adult-Onset Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in a Mexican Population","volume":"107","author":"Zenteno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_145","first-page":"3811","article-title":"Lack of Association of IVS8+4 C\/T and IVS8+32 T\/C Polymorphisms in the OPA1 Gene With Normal Tension Glaucoma in Patients From Singapore, India and Japan","volume":"46","author":"Kumaramanickavel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2020.09.008","article-title":"Mitochondrial Fusion: The Machineries In and Out","volume":"31","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apcsb.2018.11.009","article-title":"Relationship between Mitofusin 2 and Cancer","volume":"116","author":"Allegra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Protein Chem. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200211046","article-title":"Mitofusins Mfn1 and Mfn2 Coordinately Regulate Mitochondrial Fusion and Are Essential for Embryonic Development","volume":"160","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4232","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6248-09.2010","article-title":"Mitofusin 2 Is Necessary for Transport of Axonal Mitochondria and Interacts with the Miro\/Milton Complex","volume":"30","author":"Misko","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07534","article-title":"Mitofusin 2 Tethers Endoplasmic Reticulum to Mitochondria","volume":"456","author":"Scorrano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200608073","article-title":"Chaperone-Mediated Coupling of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondrial Ca2+ Channels","volume":"175","author":"Szabadkai","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23615","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.379164","article-title":"Central Role of Mitofusin 2 in Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion in Cardiomyocytes","volume":"287","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201593084","article-title":"Mfn2 Deficiency Links Age-Related Sarcopenia and Impaired Autophagy to Activation of an Adaptive Mitophagy Pathway","volume":"35","author":"Sorianello","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00517","article-title":"Mitofusins: Disease Gatekeepers and Hubs in Mitochondrial Quality Control by E3 Ligases","volume":"10","author":"Joaquim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4861","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq419","article-title":"Mitofusin 1 and Mitofusin 2 Are Ubiquitinated in a PINK1\/Parkin-Dependent Manner upon Induction of Mitophagy","volume":"19","author":"Gegg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201007013","article-title":"Proteasome and P97 Mediate Mitophagy and Degradation of Mitofusins Induced by Parkin","volume":"191","author":"Tanaka","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3231","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201612106","article-title":"Mitochondrial Fission Facilitates the Selective Mitophagy of Protein Aggregates","volume":"216","author":"Burman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2011.08010.x","article-title":"Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Causes Mitochondrial Fragmentation via Differential Modulation of Mitochondrial Fission-Fusion Proteins","volume":"278","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.07.001","article-title":"Age-Related Accumulation of Phosphorylated Mitofusin 2 Protein in Retinal Ganglion Cells Correlates with Glaucoma Progression","volume":"296","author":"Nivison","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05925","article-title":"Ambra1 Regulates Autophagy and Development of the Nervous System","volume":"447","author":"Fimia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10249","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1917-11.2011","article-title":"Parkin Interacts with Ambra1 to Induce Mitophagy","volume":"31","author":"Cornelissen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2014.139","article-title":"AMBRA1 Is Able to Induce Mitophagy via LC3 Binding, Regardless of PARKIN and P62\/SQSTM1","volume":"22","author":"Strappazzon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2021.1997052","article-title":"AMBRA1 Regulates Mitophagy by Interacting with ATAD3A and Promoting PINK1 Stability","volume":"18","author":"Romagnoli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1202491","article-title":"Analysis of the CAVEOLIN-1 Gene at Human Chromosome 7q31.1 in Primary Tumours and Tumour-Derived Cell Lines","volume":"18","author":"Hurlstone","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2822","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.71","article-title":"Phosphorylated CAV1 Activates Autophagy through an Interaction with BECN1 under Oxidative Stress","volume":"8","author":"Nah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1034411","article-title":"Critical Role of CAV1\/Caveolin-1 in Cell Stress Responses in Human Breast Cancer Cells via Modulation of Lysosomal Function and Autophagy","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102304","article-title":"Caveolin-1 Controls Mitochondrial Damage and ROS Production by Regulating Fission-Fusion Dynamics and Mitophagy","volume":"52","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_168","first-page":"1960","article-title":"Lack of Association of SNP Rs4236601 near CAV1 and CAV2 with POAG in a Saudi Cohort","volume":"18","author":"Kondkar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_169","first-page":"430","article-title":"Chromosome 7q31 POAG Locus: Ocular Expression of Caveolins and Lack of Association with POAG in a US Cohort","volume":"17","author":"Kuehn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22780","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M001500200","article-title":"Phorbol Esters and Cytokines Regulate the Expression of the NEMO-Related Protein, a Molecule Involved in a NF-Kappa B-Independent Pathway","volume":"275","author":"Schwamborn","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2017.01.027","article-title":"Inducible Turnover of Optineurin Regulates T Cell Activation","volume":"85","author":"Montecalvo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4439","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1405752111","article-title":"Optineurin Is an Autophagy Receptor for Damaged Mitochondria in Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy That Is Disrupted by an ALS-Linked Mutation","volume":"111","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000001921","article-title":"Prevalence of Open-Angle Glaucoma in the Faroese Population","volume":"31","author":"Holm","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_174","first-page":"862","article-title":"Role of MYOC and OPTN Sequence Variations in Spanish Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma","volume":"13","author":"Escribano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_175","first-page":"487","article-title":"Absence of Optineurin (OPTN) Gene Mutations in Taiwanese Patients with Juvenile-Onset Open-Angle Glaucoma","volume":"14","author":"Yen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_176","first-page":"631","article-title":"Emerging Roles of Aerobic Glycolysis in Breast Cancer","volume":"22","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Oncol. Off. Publ. Fed. Span. Oncol. Soc. Natl. Cancer Inst. Mex."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddt407","article-title":"Hexokinase Activity Is Required for Recruitment of Parkin to Depolarized Mitochondria","volume":"23","author":"McCoy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaay4624","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay4624","article-title":"Integrated Proteogenetic Analysis Reveals the Landscape of a Mitochondrial-Autophagosome Synapse during PARK2-Dependent Mitophagy","volume":"5","author":"Heo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4402145","article-title":"A Cut Short to Death: Parl and Opa1 in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Morphology and Apoptosis","volume":"14","author":"Pellegrini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.06.021","article-title":"Mitochondrial Rhomboid PARL Regulates Cytochrome c Release during Apoptosis via OPA1-Dependent Cristae Remodeling","volume":"126","author":"Cipolat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2011.07253.x","article-title":"The Mitochondrial Intramembrane Protease PARL Cleaves Human Pink1 to Regulate Pink1 Trafficking","volume":"117","author":"Meissner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1063763","article-title":"Intramembrane Protease PARL Defines a Negative Regulator of PINK1- and PARK2\/Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy","volume":"11","author":"Meissner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.1.130","article-title":"The Gene for Human P53 Cellular Tumor Antigen Is Located on Chromosome 17 Short Arm (17p13)","volume":"83","author":"McBride","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/35042675","article-title":"Surfing the P53 Network","volume":"408","author":"Vogelstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2238-1","article-title":"P53 and Parkin Co-Regulate Mitophagy in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Promote the Repair of Early Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wiggs, J.L., Hewitt, A.W., Fan, B.J., Wang, D.Y., Figueiredo Sena, D.R., O\u2019Brien, C., Realini, A., Craig, J.E., Dimasi, D.P., and Mackey, D.A. (2012). The P53 Codon 72 PRO\/PRO Genotype May Be Associated with Initial Central Visual Field Defects in Caucasians with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045613"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.5114\/pjp.2014.48193","article-title":"The Relationship of TP53 and GRIN2B Gene Polymorphisms with Risk of Occurrence and Progression of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in a Polish Population","volume":"65","author":"Nowak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pol. J. Pathol. Off. J. Pol. Soc. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_188","first-page":"1270","article-title":"Association of Polymorphisms in APOE, P53, and P21 with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Turkish Patients","volume":"15","author":"Saglar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_189","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Lack of Association between P53 Gene Polymorphisms and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in the Japanese Population","volume":"15","author":"Mabuchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e55","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2005.032458","article-title":"Lack of Association of P53 Polymorphisms and Haplotypes in High and Normal Tension Open Angle Glaucoma","volume":"42","author":"Dimasi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.4238\/vol8-1gmr578","article-title":"Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Was Not Found to Be Associated with P53 Codon 72 Polymorphism in a Brazilian Cohort","volume":"8","author":"Silva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Res. GMR"},{"key":"ref_192","first-page":"367","article-title":"Distribution of P53 Codon 72 Polymorphism in Indian Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Patients","volume":"8","author":"Acharya","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e483","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.10","article-title":"Distinct Roles for ROCK1 and ROCK2 in the Regulation of Cell Detachment","volume":"4","author":"Shi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-018-0056-0","article-title":"PTEN-L Is a Novel Protein Phosphatase for Ubiquitin Dephosphorylation to Inhibit PINK1-Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13781-3","article-title":"ROCK Inhibitors Upregulate the Neuroprotective Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy Pathway","volume":"11","author":"Moskal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20285","article-title":"Contribution of ROCK in Contraction of Trabecular Meshwork: Proposed Mechanism for Regulating Aqueous Outflow in Monkey and Human Eyes","volume":"94","author":"Nakajima","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_197","first-page":"9","article-title":"Investigation of the Rho-Kinase Gene Polymorphism in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma","volume":"37","author":"Okumus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Genet."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2008.00889.x","article-title":"Tumor Necrosis Factor and Cancer, Buddies or Foes?","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tyciakova, S., Valova, V., Svitkova, B., and Matuskova, M. (2021). Overexpression of TNF\u03b1 Induces Senescence, Autophagy and Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in Melanoma Cells. BMC Cancer, 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-08237-1"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M112.025775","article-title":"Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Induction of Mitophagy in Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1-Activated (TNF\u03b1) Macrophages","volume":"12","author":"Bell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteom. MCP"},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700227","article-title":"Association of Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha -308 Gene Polymorphism with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Chinese","volume":"17","author":"Lin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702078","article-title":"TNF-Alpha Promoter Polymorphisms and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma","volume":"20","author":"Weger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4359","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1403","article-title":"Variants in Optineurin Gene and Their Association with Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Polymorphisms in Japanese Patients with Glaucoma","volume":"45","author":"Funayama","year":"2004","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12043","article-title":"Landscape of the PARKIN-Dependent Ubiquitylome in Response to Mitochondrial Depolarization","volume":"496","author":"Sarraf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200809125","article-title":"Parkin Is Recruited Selectively to Impaired Mitochondria and Promotes Their Autophagy","volume":"183","author":"Narendra","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.262758.115","article-title":"The Three \u2019P\u2019s of Mitophagy: PARKIN, PINK1, and Post-Translational Modifications","volume":"29","author":"Durcan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3832","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp327","article-title":"Parkin Protects Mitochondrial Genome Integrity and Supports Mitochondrial DNA Repair","volume":"18","author":"Rothfuss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddv616","article-title":"PARK2 Enhancement Is Able to Compensate Mitophagy Alterations Found in Sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"25","author":"Gargini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2017.09.011","article-title":"PARKIN Overexpression in Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Wharton\u2019s Jelly Suppresses 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Apoptosis: Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"20","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fowler, P.C., Byrne, D.J., Blackstone, C., and O\u2019Sullivan, N.C. (2020). Loss of the Mitochondrial Fission GTPase Drp1 Contributes to Neurodegeneration in a Drosophila Model of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Brain Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10090646"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.109271","article-title":"Dephosphorylation of ERK1\/2 and DRP1 S585 Regulates Mitochondrial Dynamics in Glutamate Toxicity of Retinal Neurons in Vitro","volume":"225","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.12.8.2245","article-title":"Dynamin-Related Protein Drp1 Is Required for Mitochondrial Division in Mammalian Cells","volume":"12","author":"Smirnova","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.11.009","article-title":"Drp1-Zip1 Interaction Regulates Mitochondrial Quality Surveillance System","volume":"73","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201593102","article-title":"FUNDC1 Regulates Mitochondrial Dynamics at the ER-Mitochondrial Contact Site under Hypoxic Conditions","volume":"35","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.303356","article-title":"Endogenous Drp1 Mediates Mitochondrial Autophagy and Protects the Heart against Energy Stress","volume":"116","author":"Ikeda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01060","article-title":"Uncoupling Protein 2 in Cardiovascular Health and Disease","volume":"9","author":"Tian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-04188-4","article-title":"An Interplay between UCP2 and ROS Protects Cells from High-Salt-Induced Injury through Autophagy Stimulation","volume":"12","author":"Forte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, M.-Y., Lee, D.-Y., Chun, K.-S., and Kim, E.-H. (2021). The Role of NRF2\/KEAP1 Signaling Pathway in Cancer Metabolism. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094376"},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, F., Ru, X., and Wen, T. (2020). NRF2, a Transcription Factor for Stress Response and Beyond. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21134777"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2017.00085","article-title":"The KEAP1-NRF2 System in Cancer","volume":"7","author":"Taguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00099-20","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00099-20","article-title":"The Molecular Mechanisms Regulating the KEAP1-NRF2 Pathway","volume":"40","author":"Baird","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.102186","article-title":"A Novel Role of KEAP1\/PGAM5 Complex: ROS Sensor for Inducing Mitophagy","volume":"48","author":"Zeb","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murata, H., Takamatsu, H., Liu, S., Kataoka, K., Huh, N.-H., and Sakaguchi, M. (2015). NRF2 Regulates PINK1 Expression under Oxidative Stress Conditions. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142438"},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2004.09.002","article-title":"Effects of the Rho Kinase Inhibitor Y-27632 and the Phosphatase Inhibitor Calyculin A on Outflow Facility in Monkeys","volume":"80","author":"Tian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_225","first-page":"e16973","article-title":"Role of Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Inhibition As Therapeutic Strategy for Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Dopaminergic Survival and Enhanced Mitophagy","volume":"13","author":"Quadir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3931-04.2005","article-title":"Application of Rho Antagonist to Neuronal Cell Bodies Promotes Neurite Growth in Compartmented Cultures and Regeneration of Retinal Ganglion Cell Axons in the Optic Nerve of Adult Rats","volume":"25","author":"Bertrand","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00273","article-title":"Viral Vector-Mediated Downregulation of RhoA Increases Survival and Axonal Regeneration of Retinal Ganglion Cells","volume":"8","author":"Koch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2016.07.006","article-title":"Topical Administration of a Rock\/Net Inhibitor Promotes Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival and Axon Regeneration after Optic Nerve Injury","volume":"158","author":"Shaw","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.08.022","article-title":"Double-Masked, Randomized, Dose-Response Study of AR-13324 versus Latanoprost in Patients with Elevated Intraocular Pressure","volume":"122","author":"Bacharach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721211008783","article-title":"Netarsudil: A New Ophthalmic Drug in the Treatment of Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension","volume":"31","author":"Batra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000001902","article-title":"Fucoxanthin Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells and Promotes Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy against Glutamate Excitotoxicity","volume":"34","author":"Lian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, H., Hu, X., Zhang, J., Lian, W., Wang, D., Wu, Y., and Lu, Q. (2023). Fucoxanthin Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells and Regulates Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy in Rats with Chronic Ocular Hypertensive Glaucoma, Elsevier. SSRN.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4410864"},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhuang, D., Zhang, R., Liu, H., and Dai, Y. (2022). A Small Natural Molecule S3 Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells and Promotes Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy against Excitotoxicity. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27154957"},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, Y.M., Lee, W.K., Lee, Y.-H., Kang, E.S., Cha, B.-S., and Lee, B.-W. (2016). Metformin Restores Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy, Suppressed by Cytosolic P53. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17010122"},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.1440","article-title":"Association of Geroprotective Effects of Metformin and Risk of Open-Angle Glaucoma in Persons with Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"133","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_236","first-page":"656","article-title":"Systemic Metformin Use Reduces Open-Angle Glaucoma Risk","volume":"61","author":"Vergroesen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2499","article-title":"Memantine Blocks Mitochondrial OPA1 and Cytochrome c Release and Subsequent Apoptotic Cell Death in Glaucomatous Retina","volume":"50","author":"Ju","year":"2009","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.06.017","article-title":"Oral Memantine for the Treatment of Glaucoma: Design and Results of 2 Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Studies","volume":"125","author":"Weinreb","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22576","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.118976","article-title":"P62\/SQSTM1 Is a Target Gene for Transcription Factor NRF2 and Creates a Positive Feedback Loop by Inducing Antioxidant Response Element-Driven Gene Transcription","volume":"285","author":"Jain","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tonner, H., Hunn, S., Auler, N., Schmelter, C., Pfeiffer, N., and Grus, F.H. (2022). Dynamin-like Protein 1 (DNML1) as a Molecular Target for Antibody-Based Immunotherapy to Treat Glaucoma. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113618"},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.5.1.7174","article-title":"Coenzyme Q Deficiency Triggers Mitochondria Degradation by Mitophagy","volume":"5","author":"Cordero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(07)82022-8","article-title":"Retinal Damage Caused by High Intraocular Pressure-Induced Transient Ischemia Is Prevented by Coenzyme Q10 in Rat","volume":"82","author":"Nucci","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_243","first-page":"190","article-title":"Effects of Topical Coenzyme Q10 on Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Ganglion Cell Complex in Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma","volume":"62","author":"Alpogan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Haydarpasa Numune Train. Res. Hosp. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e318279b836","article-title":"Effects of Coenzyme Q10 in Conjunction with Vitamin E on Retinal-Evoked and Cortical-Evoked Responses in Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma","volume":"23","author":"Parisi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2832","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14834","article-title":"Metformin Upregulates Mitophagy in Patients with T2DM: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study","volume":"24","author":"Bhansali","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14141","article-title":"Metformin Promotes Mitophagy in Mononuclear Cells: A Potential in Vitro Model for Unraveling Metformin\u2019s Mechanism of Action","volume":"1463","author":"Bhansali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castrej\u00f3n-Jim\u00e9nez, N.S., Leyva-Paredes, K., Baltierra-Uribe, S.L., Castillo-Cruz, J., Campillo-Navarro, M., Hern\u00e1ndez-P\u00e9rez, A.D., Luna-Angulo, A.B., Chac\u00f3n-Salinas, R., Coral-V\u00e1zquez, R.M., and Estrada-Garc\u00eda, I. (2019). Ursolic and Oleanolic Acids Induce Mitophagy in A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24193444"},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00452","article-title":"Gerontoxanthone I and Macluraxanthone Induce Mitophagy and Attenuate Ischemia\/Reperfusion Injury","volume":"11","author":"Xiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.125.1.30","article-title":"Genetic Etiologies of Glaucoma","volume":"125","author":"Wiggs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/12\/15\/1969\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:22:30Z","timestamp":1760127750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/12\/15\/1969"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,30]]},"references-count":249,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["cells12151969"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12151969","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,30]]}}}