{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T15:50:27Z","timestamp":1781020227384,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]],"date-time":"2023-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Priority Research Area (POB BioS) under the Strategic Programme Excellence Initiative-Research University at Jagiellonian University","award":["U1U\/P03\/NO\/14.87 to MG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1U\/P03\/NO\/14.87 to MG"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder with disrupted uterus structure and function. A positive effect of vitamin D3 (VD3) in female reproduction was observed. Chemerin (RARRES2) and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) are the main adipokines whose levels are altered in PCOS patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of VD3 supplementation on RARRES2 and ADIPOQ levels in the uterus of PCOS rats. Methods: We analyzed the plasma levels and uterine transcript and protein expression of RARRES2 and ADIPOQ and their receptors (CCRL2, CMKLR1, GPR1, and ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2, respectively) in rats with letrozole-induced PCOS. Results: In control animals, VD3 did not change plasma levels of both adipokines, while in PCOS rats supplemented with VD3, they returned to control levels. The expression of RARRES2 and all investigated receptors increased in the uterus of VD3-treated rats; however, the levels of Rarres2 and Gpr1 genes remained unchanged. VD3 supplementation decreased RARRES2, CMKLR1, and GPR1 but increased CCRL2 level to the control value. In the uterus of VD3-treated rats, the transcript and protein levels of ADIPOQ and both receptors ADIPOR1 increased. At the same time, VD3 supplementation induced an increase in Adipoq, Adipor1, and Adipor2 gene expression and restored protein levels to control level values. Conclusions: our findings indicate a new mechanism of VD3 action in the uterine physiology of PCOS rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12162026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]],"date-time":"2023-08-08T12:35:42Z","timestamp":1691498142000},"page":"2026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effect of Vitamin D3 on Chemerin and Adiponectin Levels in Uterus of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Karolina","family":"Pich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesika","family":"Rajewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0780-8881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kinga","family":"Kami\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelina","family":"Tchurzyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Szlaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7457-2314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patryk","family":"Sambak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"B\u0142asiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2972-1755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Grzesiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9572-7151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Rak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00515-4","article-title":"The Role of Genetics, Epigenetics and Lifestyle in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Development: The State of the Art","volume":"29","author":"Bruni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod. 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