{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:28:10Z","timestamp":1792175290880,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German \u201cBundesinstitut f\u00fcr Risikoforschung\u201d","award":["60-0201-01.P586"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["60-0201-01.P586"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The global burden of respiratory diseases is very high and still on the rise, prompting the need for accurate models for basic and translational research. Several model systems are currently available ranging from simple airway cell cultures to complex tissue-engineered lungs. In recent years, human lung organoids have been established as highly transferrable three-dimensional in vitro model systems for lung research. For acute infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases as well as lung cancer, human lung organoids have opened possibilities for precise in vitro research and a deeper understanding of mechanisms underlying lung injury and regeneration. Human lung organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells or from adult stem cells of patients\u2019 samples introduce tools for understanding developmental processes and personalized medicine approaches. When further state-of-the-art technologies and protocols come into use, the full potential of human lung organoids can be harnessed. High-throughput assays in drug development, gene therapy, and organoid transplantation are current applications of organoids in translational research. In this review, we emphasize novel approaches in translational and personalized medicine in lung research focusing on the use of human lung organoids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12162067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T11:09:44Z","timestamp":1692097784000},"page":"2067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Human Lung Organoids\u2014A Novel Experimental and Precision Medicine Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"K\u00fchl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Graichen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nele","family":"von Daacke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Mende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3656-2932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Wygrecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392 Giessen, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Lung Health, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Giessen, Germany"},{"name":"CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, 35041 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0324-8506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Potaczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392 Giessen, Germany"},{"name":"Bioscientia MVZ Labor Mittelhessen GmbH, 35394 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Miethe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5178-4023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holger","family":"Garn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201311-405PS","article-title":"The global burden of respiratory disease","volume":"11","author":"Ferkol","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. 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