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An observed reduction in CMTM5 expression in post-mortem MS lesions prompted further investigations in both in vitro and in vivo animal models. In the cuprizone animal model, we detected a decrease in CMTM5 expression in oligodendrocytes that is absent in other members of the CMTM protein family. Our findings also confirm these results in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model with decreased CMTM5 expression in both cerebellum and spinal cord white matter. We also examined the effects of a Cmtm5 knockdown in vitro in the oligodendroglial Oli-neu mouse cell line using the CRISPR interference technique. Interestingly, we found no effects on cell response to thapsigargin-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as determined by Atf4 activity, an indicator of cellular stress responses. Overall, these results substantiate previous findings suggesting that CMTM5, rather than contributing to myelin biogenesis, is involved in maintaining axonal integrity. Our study further demonstrates that the knockdown of Cmtm5\u00a0in vitro does not modulate oligodendroglial responses to ER stress. These results warrant further investigation into the functional role of CMTM5 during axonal degeneration in the context of demyelinating conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12162085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T10:15:48Z","timestamp":1692267348000},"page":"2085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Loss of the Novel Myelin Protein CMTM5 in Multiple Sclerosis Lesions and Its Involvement in Oligodendroglial Stress Responses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3836-8332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiangshan","family":"Zhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstra\u00dfe 9, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5314-0195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanxu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedicine and Innovations, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4052-7125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leo","family":"Heinig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstra\u00dfe 9, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malena","family":"Beecken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstra\u00dfe 9, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangbo","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wansong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pingzhang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5045-8293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianzi","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruilin","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenling","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert Cheung Hoi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5043-9052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Kipp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstra\u00dfe 9, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1927-7344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannes","family":"Kaddatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstra\u00dfe 9, 18057 Rostock, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-021-01110-5","article-title":"Chronic Demyelination and Axonal Degeneration in Multiple Sclerosis: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications","volume":"21","author":"Simkins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. 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