{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T04:39:52Z","timestamp":1792989592383,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":173,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","award":["CMRPG6H0281"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG6H0281"]}]},{"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","award":["CMRPD8H0282-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPD8H0282-3"]}]},{"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","award":["CMRPD8K0011-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPD8K0011-3"]}]},{"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","award":["CMRPD8L0011-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPD8L0011-3"]}]},{"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","award":["MOST107-2320-B-182-035-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST107-2320-B-182-035-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","award":["MOST110-2320-B-182-004-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST110-2320-B-182-004-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China, Taiwan","award":["CMRPG6H0281"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG6H0281"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China, Taiwan","award":["CMRPD8H0282-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPD8H0282-3"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China, Taiwan","award":["CMRPD8K0011-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPD8K0011-3"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China, Taiwan","award":["CMRPD8L0011-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPD8L0011-3"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China, Taiwan","award":["MOST107-2320-B-182-035-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST107-2320-B-182-035-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China, Taiwan","award":["MOST110-2320-B-182-004-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST110-2320-B-182-004-MY3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent gynecological and endocrine disorder that results in irregular menstruation, incomplete follicular development, disrupted ovulation, and reduced fertility rates among affected women of reproductive age. While these symptoms can be managed through appropriate medication and lifestyle interventions, both etiology and treatment options remain limited. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in cellular approaches utilized for investigating the pathophysiology of PCOS through in vitro cell models, to avoid the confounding systemic effects such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapy. The primary objective is to enhance the understanding of abnormalities in PCOS-associated folliculogenesis, particularly focusing on the aberrant roles of granulosa cells and other relevant cell types. Furthermore, this article encompasses analyses of the mechanisms and signaling pathways, microRNA expression and target genes altered in PCOS, and explores the pharmacological approaches considered as potential treatments. By summarizing the aforementioned key findings, this article not only allows us to appreciate the value of using in vitro cell models, but also provides guidance for selecting suitable research models to facilitate the identification of potential treatments and understand the pathophysiology of PCOS at the cellular level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12172189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T11:33:25Z","timestamp":1693481605000},"page":"2189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Current Advances in Cellular Approaches for Pathophysiology and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yi-Ru","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"An-Ten Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Kaohsiung City 802, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen-Nung","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0626-5037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong-Yo","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Hormone and Reproductive Medicine Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1398","article-title":"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","volume":"375","author":"Ch","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. 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