{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:16:06Z","timestamp":1788308166363,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish Society of Metabolic Disorders","award":["503\/1-151-07\/503-11-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["503\/1-151-07\/503-11-001"]}]},{"name":"Polish Society of Metabolic Disorders","award":["503\/1-159-01\/503-21-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["503\/1-159-01\/503-21-001"]}]},{"name":"Medical University of Lodz institutional","award":["503\/1-151-07\/503-11-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["503\/1-151-07\/503-11-001"]}]},{"name":"Medical University of Lodz institutional","award":["503\/1-159-01\/503-21-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["503\/1-159-01\/503-21-001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: It is well known that oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It has been suggested that an insufficient antioxidant defense system composed of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT) and nonenzymatic molecules, is a key factor triggering oxidative damage in the progression of liver disease. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess whether the level of CAT and -262 C\/T polymorphism in the promoter of CAT (rs1001179) are associated with NAFLD. Methods: In total, 281 adults (152\/129 female\/male, aged 65.61 \u00b1 10.44 years) were included in the study. The patients were assigned to an NAFLD group (n = 139) or a group without NAFLD (n = 142) based on the results of an ultrasound, the Hepatic Steatosis Index, and the Fatty Liver Index (FLI). CAT levels were determined using an ELISA test, and genomic DNA was extracted via the standard phenol\/chloroform-based method and genotyped via RFLP-PCR. Results: The CAT level was decreased in NAFLD patients (p &lt; 0.001), and an ROC analysis revealed that a CAT level lower than 473.55 U\/L significantly increases the risk of NAFLD. In turn, genotyping showed that the CT genotype and the T allele of -262 C\/T CAT polymorphism elevate the risk of NAFLD. The diminished CAT level in the NAFLD group correlated with increased FLI, waist circumference and female gender. Conclusion: The obtained results support observations that oxidative damage associated with NAFLD may be the result of a decreased CAT level as a part of the antioxidant defense system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12182228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T09:56:36Z","timestamp":1694080596000},"page":"2228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is Associated with a Decreased Catalase (CAT) Level, CT Genotypes and the T Allele of the -262 C\/T CAT Polymorphism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0609-9657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Kosmalski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6545-579X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela","family":"Szymczak-Pajor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6437-9476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f3zef","family":"Drzewoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Teaching Hospital of Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6864-0704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"\u015aliwi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2022.03.010","article-title":"American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Primary Care and Endocrinology Clinical Settings: Co-Sponsored by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD)","volume":"28","author":"Cusi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr. 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