{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T23:33:09Z","timestamp":1774222389308,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan","award":["AP0514447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP0514447"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atherosclerosis (AS) is an inflammatory disease involving multiple factors in its initiation and development. In recent years, the potential application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treating AS has been investigated. This study examined the effect of TNF-\u03b1 preconditioning on MSCs\u2019 therapeutic efficacy in treating AS in ApoE KO mice. TNF-\u03b1-treated MSCs were administered to high-fat diet-treated ApoE KO mice. Cytokine and serum lipid levels were measured before and after treatment. Cryosections of the atherosclerotic aorta were stained with Oil-Red-O, and the relative areas of atherosclerotic lesions were measured. The level of Tregs were increased in TNF-\u03b1-MSC-treated animals compared to the MSCs group. In addition, the systemic administration of TNF-\u03b1-MSCs to ApoE KO mice reduced the level of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-\u03b1 and IFN-\u03b3 and increased the level of the immunosuppressive IL-10 in the blood serum. Total cholesterol and LDL levels were decreased, and HDL levels were increased in the TNF-\u03b1-MSCs group of ApoE KO mice. A histological analysis showed that TNF-\u03b1-MSCs decreased the size of the atherosclerotic lesion in the aorta of ApoE KO mice by 38%, although there was no significant difference when compared with untreated MSCs. Thus, our data demonstrate that TNF-\u03b1-MSCs are more effective at treating AS than untreated MSCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12182262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T05:08:21Z","timestamp":1694581701000},"page":"2262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["TNF-\u03b1 Preconditioning Improves the Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in an Experimental Model of Atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0382-1731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aliya","family":"Sekenova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Stem Cells, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yelena","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Stem Cells, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Assel","family":"Issabekova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Stem Cells, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4407-1236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arman","family":"Saparov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5029-5255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vyacheslav","family":"Ogay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Stem Cells, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra043430","article-title":"Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease","volume":"352","author":"Hansson","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. 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