{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:57:39Z","timestamp":1791493059476,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Toronto\u2019s Medicine by Design","award":["MbDPEFR1-2021-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MbDPEFR1-2021-01"]}]},{"name":"University of Toronto\u2019s Medicine by Design","award":["NFRFT-2020-00787"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NFRFT-2020-00787"]}]},{"name":"University of Toronto\u2019s Medicine by Design","award":["202008520013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202008520013"]}]},{"name":"New Frontiers in Research Funding\u2014Transformation","award":["MbDPEFR1-2021-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MbDPEFR1-2021-01"]}]},{"name":"New Frontiers in Research Funding\u2014Transformation","award":["NFRFT-2020-00787"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NFRFT-2020-00787"]}]},{"name":"New Frontiers in Research Funding\u2014Transformation","award":["202008520013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202008520013"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Scholarship Council","award":["MbDPEFR1-2021-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MbDPEFR1-2021-01"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Scholarship Council","award":["NFRFT-2020-00787"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NFRFT-2020-00787"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Scholarship Council","award":["202008520013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202008520013"]}]},{"name":"Ajmera Transplant Center at the University Health Network","award":["MbDPEFR1-2021-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MbDPEFR1-2021-01"]}]},{"name":"Ajmera Transplant Center at the University Health Network","award":["NFRFT-2020-00787"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NFRFT-2020-00787"]}]},{"name":"Ajmera Transplant Center at the University Health Network","award":["202008520013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202008520013"]}]},{"name":"Lung Injury, Repair and Regeneration at the University Health Network","award":["MbDPEFR1-2021-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MbDPEFR1-2021-01"]}]},{"name":"Lung Injury, Repair and Regeneration at the University Health Network","award":["NFRFT-2020-00787"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NFRFT-2020-00787"]}]},{"name":"Lung Injury, Repair and Regeneration at the University Health Network","award":["202008520013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202008520013"]}]},{"name":"University of Toronto","award":["MbDPEFR1-2021-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MbDPEFR1-2021-01"]}]},{"name":"University of Toronto","award":["NFRFT-2020-00787"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NFRFT-2020-00787"]}]},{"name":"University of Toronto","award":["202008520013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202008520013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Organ transplantation remains the only treatment option for patients with end-stage organ dysfunction. However, there are numerous limitations that challenge its clinical application, including the shortage of organ donations, the quality of donated organs, injury during organ preservation and reperfusion, primary and chronic graft dysfunction, acute and chronic rejection, infection, and carcinogenesis in post-transplantation patients. Acute and chronic inflammation and cell death are two major underlying mechanisms for graft injury. Necroptosis is a type of programmed cell death involved in many diseases and has been studied in the setting of all major solid organ transplants, including the kidney, heart, liver, and lung. It is determined by the underlying donor organ conditions (e.g., age, alcohol consumption, fatty liver, hemorrhage shock, donation after circulatory death, etc.), preservation conditions and reperfusion, and allograft rejection. The specific molecular mechanisms of necroptosis have been uncovered in the organ transplantation setting, and potential targeting drugs have been identified. We hope this review article will promote more clinical research to determine the role of necroptosis and other types of programmed cell death in solid organ transplantation to alleviate the clinical burden of ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury and graft rejection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12182296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T06:36:45Z","timestamp":1694932605000},"page":"2296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Necroptosis in Organ Transplantation: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yajin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Main","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanroop","family":"Aujla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaf","family":"Keshavjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9188-8417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingyao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO, Transplantation Society (TTS), and Organizati\u00f3n Nacional de Transplantes (ONT) (2011). 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