{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:57:11Z","timestamp":1790765831866,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":222,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]],"date-time":"2023-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epithelial transport is a multifaceted process crucial for maintaining normal physiological functions in the human body. This comprehensive review delves into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying epithelial transport and its significance in disease pathogenesis. Beginning with an introduction to epithelial transport, it covers various forms, including ion, water, and nutrient transfer, followed by an exploration of the processes governing ion transport and hormonal regulation. The review then addresses genetic disorders, like cystic fibrosis and Bartter syndrome, that affect epithelial transport. Furthermore, it investigates the involvement of epithelial transport in the pathophysiology of conditions such as diarrhea, hypertension, and edema. Finally, the review analyzes the impact of renal disease on epithelial transport and highlights the potential for future research to uncover novel therapeutic interventions for conditions like cystic fibrosis, hypertension, and renal failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12202455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]],"date-time":"2023-10-15T10:47:32Z","timestamp":1697366852000},"page":"2455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Epithelial Transport in Disease: An Overview of Pathophysiology and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2397-2801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente Javier","family":"Clemente-Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s\/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Group de Investigaci\u00f3n en Cultura, Educaci\u00f3n y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0087-4379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Mart\u00edn-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s\/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1006-7642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Redondo-Fl\u00f3rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C\/Tajo s\/n, Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, 28670 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlota Valeria","family":"Villanueva-Tobaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C\/Tajo s\/n, Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, 28670 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9311-6576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Y\u00e1\u00f1ez-Sep\u00falveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Vi\u00f1a del Mar 2520000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0747-8133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Francisco","family":"Tornero-Aguilera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s\/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00008.2019","article-title":"Phosphate Transport in Epithelial and Nonepithelial Tissue","volume":"101","author":"Hernando","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2784","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15531","article-title":"A Guide to Plasma Membrane Solute Carrier Proteins","volume":"288","author":"Pizzagalli","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.8120","article-title":"Cystic Fibrosis: A Review","volume":"329","author":"Ong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1002\/ebch.1932","article-title":"Treatment of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children: An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Interventions Commonly Used in Developed Countries","volume":"8","author":"Freedman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid. Based Child Health"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Chiejina, M., and Samant, H. (2023). Viral Diarrhea, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2012.02.023","article-title":"Recent Advances Involving the Renin-Angiotensin System","volume":"318","author":"Crowley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3849","article-title":"Cystic Fibrosis Genetics: From Molecular Understanding to Clinical Application","volume":"16","author":"Cutting","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30363","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R110.155341","article-title":"Role of Epithelial Sodium Channels and Their Regulators in Hypertension","volume":"285","author":"Soundararajan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-020911-153225","article-title":"A New Look at Electrolyte Transport in the Distal Tubule","volume":"74","author":"Eladari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ross, K.E., Zhang, G., Akcora, C., Lin, Y., Fang, B., Koomen, J., Haura, E.B., and Grimes, M. (2023). Network Models of Protein Phosphorylation, Acetylation, and Ubiquitination Connect Metabolic and Cell Signaling Pathways in Lung Cancer. PLoS Comput. Biol., 19.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1010690"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.524","article-title":"Proximal Small Intestinal Microbiota and Identification of Rod-Shaped Bacteria Associated with Childhood Celiac Disease","volume":"104","author":"Ou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9629(15)40679-2","article-title":"Physiology of Renal Sodium Transport","volume":"319","author":"Greger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe020070","article-title":"What Is Cystic Fibrosis?","volume":"347","author":"Knowles","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Barrett, K.E., Boitano, S., Barman, S.M., and Brooks, H.L. (2010). Ganong\u2019s Review of Medical Physiology, Mc Graw Hill Education. [20th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson, J.M., and Itallie, C.M. (2009). Physiology and Function of the Tight Junction. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 1.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a002584"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14953","article-title":"Mechanisms of Paracellular Transport of Magnesium in Intestinal and Renal Epithelia","volume":"1521","author":"Houillier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/35067088","article-title":"Multifunctional Strands in Tight Junctions","volume":"2","author":"Tsukita","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F966","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00519.2018","article-title":"Paracellular Calcium Transport in the Proximal Tubule and the Formation of Kidney Stones","volume":"316","author":"Curry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corfield, A.P. (2018). The Interaction of the Gut Microbiota with the Mucus Barrier in Health and Disease in Hu-Man. Microorganisms, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms6030078"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1096","article-title":"Intestinal Permeability and Its Regulation by Zonulin: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications","volume":"10","author":"Fasano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Clin. Pract. J. Am. Gastroenterol. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3775","article-title":"Organization and Execution of the Epithelial Polarity Programme","volume":"15","author":"Macara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1593","article-title":"Organization of Vesicular Trafficking in Epithelia","volume":"6","author":"Kreitzer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"2729","article-title":"Amyloid Precursor Protein and Endosomal-Lysosomal Dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Inseparable Partners in a Multifactorial Disease","volume":"31","author":"Nixon","year":"2017","journal-title":"FASEB J. Publ. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20210584","article-title":"Macropinocytosis: Mechanisms and Regulation","volume":"480","author":"Salloum","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb0509-510","article-title":"Virus Entry by Macropinocytosis","volume":"11","author":"Mercer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2728","article-title":"Rab GTPases as Coordinators of Vesicle Traffic","volume":"10","author":"Stenmark","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90306-W","article-title":"The Small GTPase Rab5 Functions as a Regulatory Factor in the Early Endocytic Pathway","volume":"70","author":"Bucci","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0021-x","article-title":"Mitochondrial Function\u2014Gatekeeper of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Homeostasis","volume":"15","author":"Rath","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Mustaqeem, R., and Arif, A. (2023). Renal Tubular Acidosis, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000023430.92674.E5","article-title":"Renal Tubular Acidosis: The Clinical Entity","volume":"13","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C12","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1996.270.1.C12","article-title":"Water transport across mammalian cell membranes","volume":"270","author":"Verkman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"F3","article-title":"Molecular Physiology of Urinary Concentrating Mechanism: Regulation of Aquaporin Water Channels by Vasopressin","volume":"272","author":"Knepper","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00003.2002","article-title":"Lung Epithelial Fluid Transport and the Resolution of Pulmonary Edema","volume":"82","author":"Matthay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021909-135817","article-title":"Role of Colonic Short-Chain Fatty Acid Transport in Diarrhea","volume":"72","author":"Binder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0069-0","article-title":"Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Matthay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Prim."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2856","article-title":"Protective Effects of Endothelial Progenitor Cell-Derived Extracellular Mitochondria in Brain Endothelium","volume":"36","author":"Hayakawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2736","article-title":"Mitochondrial Transfer from Bone-Marrow-Derived Stromal Cells to Pulmonary Alveoli Protects against Acute Lung Injury","volume":"18","author":"Islam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"S11","article-title":"Understanding the Kidneys\u2019 Role in Blood Glucose Regulation","volume":"18","author":"Triplitt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Manag. Care"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.281.3.G856","article-title":"Aquaporin-2, a Regulated Water Channel, Is Expressed in Apical Membranes of Rat Distal Colon Epithelium","volume":"281","author":"Gallardo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"55304","article-title":"Methods to Study Epithelial Transport Protein Function and Expression in Native Intestine and Caco-2 Cells Grown in 3D","volume":"121","author":"Anabazhagan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp. JoVE"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780620","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.780620","article-title":"Mechanistic Computational Models of Epithelial Cell Transporters-the Adorned Heroes of Pharmacokinetics","volume":"12","author":"King","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.55.030193.003215","article-title":"Toxigenic Diarrheas, Congenital Diarrheas, and Cystic Fibrosis: Disorders of Intesti-Nal Ion Transport","volume":"55","author":"Field","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanssens, L.S., Duchateau, J., and Casimir, G.J. (2021). CFTR Protein: Not Just a Chloride Channel?. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10112844"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.07.028","article-title":"Chronic Diarrhea: Diagnosis and Management","volume":"15","author":"Schiller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Clin. Pr. J. Am. Gastroenterol. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.7748\/ns2014.03.28.29.42.e5531","article-title":"Fluid and Electrolyte Balance","volume":"28","author":"McLafferty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nurs. Stand."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"3691","article-title":"Genetic Causes and Mechanisms of Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis. Nephrology, Dialy-Sis, Transplantation: Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association\u2014European Renal Association","volume":"27","author":"Batlle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Engl. Oct."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60052-4","article-title":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"378","author":"King","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-03099-4","article-title":"Gene Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis: New Tools for Precision Medicine","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/35065099","article-title":"Aberrant CFTR-Dependent HCO3\u2212 Transport in Mutations Associated with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"410","author":"Choi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2354-y","article-title":"Screening and Function Discussion of a Hereditary Renal Tubular Acidosis Family Pathogenic Gene","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00093.2015","article-title":"Vasopressin Regulation of Sodium Transport in the Distal Nephron and Collecting Duct","volume":"309","author":"Kortenoeven","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.73.1.65","article-title":"Diabetes Insipidus: Diagnosis and Treatment of a Complex Disease","volume":"73","author":"Makaryus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clevel. Clin. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2016.02.006","article-title":"Diabetes Insipidus in Infants and Children","volume":"30","author":"Dabrowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pr. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nova, Z., Skovierova, H., and Calkovska, A. (2019). Alveolar-Capillary Membrane-Related Pulmonary Cells as a Target in Endotoxin-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20040831"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781874","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.781874","article-title":"Pulmonary Interstitial Matrix and Lung Fluid Balance From Normal to the Acutely Injured Lung","volume":"12","author":"Beretta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.102228","article-title":"Intraoperative Ventilator Settings and Acute Lung Injury after Elective Surgery: A Nested Case Control Study","volume":"64","author":"Sprung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2016.02.007","article-title":"Physiology of Intestinal Absorption and Secretion","volume":"30","author":"Kiela","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00027.2002","article-title":"Transport of Small Molecules across Cell Membranes: Water Channels and Urea Transport-Ers","volume":"26","author":"Goodman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adv. Physiol. Educ."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-006-0040-y","article-title":"Cancer Chemotherapy-Induced Diarrhoea and Constipation: Mechanisms of Damage and Prevention Strategies","volume":"14","author":"Gibson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181eb5ad6","article-title":"Role of Intestinal Transporters in Neonatal Nutrition: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Minerals, and Vitamins","volume":"51","author":"Boudry","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroen Terol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6918(03)00107-0","article-title":"Intestinal Absorption in Health and Disease\u2013Sugars","volume":"17","author":"Wright","year":"2003","journal-title":"Best Pr. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-001-0809-2","article-title":"A New Concept of Cellular Uptake and Intracellular Trafficking of Long-Chain Fatty Acids","volume":"36","author":"Stremmel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"137","article-title":"New Player on an Old Field; the Keap1\/Nrf2 Pathway as a Target for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Chartoumpekis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rev."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.207S","article-title":"Branched-Chain Amino Acids: Enzyme and Substrate Regulation","volume":"136","author":"Brosnan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0230331","article-title":"Adult Glucose and Lipid Metabolism May Be Programmed during Fetal Life","volume":"23","author":"Desai","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"009746","article-title":"The Cystic Fibrosis of Exocrine Pancreas. Cold Spring Harb","volume":"3","author":"Wilschanski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Perspect. Med."},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"(2023, October 01). BioRender. Available online: https:\/\/app.biorender.com\/biorender-templates\/figures\/all\/t-5f98644fc942a500a89da31c-absorption-of-nutrients-in-the-small-intestine."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global Epidemiology of Nonal-coholic Fatty Liver Disease-Meta-Analytic Assessment of Prevalence, Incidence, and Outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.08.002","article-title":"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease as a Nexus of Metabolic and Hepatic Diseases","volume":"27","author":"Samuel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22261","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Wilson Disease: An Update","volume":"47","author":"Roberts","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.114.304000","article-title":"Recent Highlights of ATVB: Calcification","volume":"34","author":"Virmani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.79","article-title":"ACG Clinical Guidelines: Diagnosis and Management of Celiac Disease","volume":"108","author":"Hill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"044","article-title":"Changing Patterns of Relationships Between Geo-Graphic Markers and IBD: Possible Intrusion of Obesity","volume":"360","author":"Szilagyi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60254-3","article-title":"Coeliac Disease","volume":"373","author":"Corazza","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14360","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14360","article-title":"Osmotic Diure-Sis by SGLT2 Inhibition Stimulates Vasopressin-Induced Water Reabsorption to Maintain Body Fluid Volume","volume":"8","author":"Masuda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"Boron, W.F., and Boulpaep, E.L. (2022). Manual de Fisiolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica, Elsevier Health Sciences."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000486060","article-title":"Physiology of the Calcium-Parathyroid Hormone-Vitamin D Axis","volume":"50","author":"Goltzman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Horm. Res."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1159\/000209740","article-title":"Calcium and Phosphorus Homeostasis","volume":"27","author":"Taylor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood Purif."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00354.2019","article-title":"Long-Term Blood Pressure Lowering and CGMP-Activating Actions of the Novel ANP Analog MANP","volume":"318","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"271","article-title":"Blood Pressure and Fluid-Electrolyte Balance in Mice with Reduced or Absent ANP","volume":"1","author":"John","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00212.2002","article-title":"Neutralization of Western Diet Inhibits Bone Re-Sorption Independently of K Intake and Reduces Cortisol Secretion in Humans","volume":"284","author":"Maurer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0145-4","article-title":"Kidney Dysfunction and Hypertension: Mechanistic Links","volume":"15","author":"Hall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2011.11.013","article-title":"The Queen of Electrolytes?","volume":"23","author":"Berend","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_84","first-page":"12420","article-title":"Disorders of Calcium Metabolism: Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia","volume":"13","author":"Tinawi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c110052","article-title":"Regulation of Transport in the Connecting Tubule and Cortical Collecting Duct","volume":"2","author":"Staruschenko","year":"2012","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"919","article-title":"Treatment of Polydipsia-Hyponatremia with Urea","volume":"5","author":"Decaux","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. Biol. Narcology"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.14.9.1137","article-title":"Catecholamine-Induced Cardiomyopathy","volume":"14","author":"Kassim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2019-0212","article-title":"Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"42","author":"Dickinson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00576-6","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis","volume":"388","author":"Elborn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)00023-0","article-title":"Progress in Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"4","author":"Boeck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201901-0145OC","article-title":"Correlating Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Function with Clinical Features to Inform Precision Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"199","author":"McCague","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.75.103004.142532","article-title":"CFTR Function and Prospects for Therapy","volume":"77","author":"Riordan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20120562","article-title":"Bicarbonate and Functional CFTR Channel Are Required for Proper Mucin Secretion and Link Cystic Fibrosis with Its Mucus Phenotype","volume":"209","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-4-8","article-title":"State of the Art: Why Do the Lungs of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis Become Infect-Ed and Why Can\u2019t They Clear the Infection?","volume":"4","author":"Chmiel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2018.08.010","article-title":"Bartter Syndrome and Gitelman Syndrome","volume":"66","author":"Fulchiero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy199","article-title":"Liquorice, Liddle, Bartter or Gitelman-How to Differentiate?","volume":"34","author":"Mumford","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000447","article-title":"Bartter\u2019s and Gitelman\u2019s syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Seyberth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1181449","article-title":"Mutations in the Chloride Channel Gene CLCNKB as a Cause of Classic Bartter Syn-Drome","volume":"11","author":"Konrad","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.09.046","article-title":"Gitelman Syndrome: Consensus and Guidance from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference","volume":"91","author":"Blanchard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0196-24","article-title":"Gitelman\u2019s Variant of Bartter\u2019s Syndrome, Inherited Hypokalaemic Alkalosis, Is Caused by Mutations in the Thiazide-Sensitive Na-Cl Cotransporter","volume":"12","author":"Simon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-3-22","article-title":"Gitelman Syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Knoers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orphanet J. Rare Dis."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.33.5.207","article-title":"Chronic Diarrhea in Children","volume":"33","author":"Zella","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_103","first-page":"472","article-title":"Chronic Diarrhea in Adults: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis","volume":"101","author":"Burgers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.1982","article-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children and Adolescents","volume":"169","author":"Rosen","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.031","article-title":"Bowel Disorders","volume":"150","author":"Mearin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.016","article-title":"Childhood Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Neonate\/Toddler","volume":"150","author":"Benninga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_107","unstructured":"Barrett, K.E., and Keely, S.J. (2006). Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00631.2014","article-title":"Calmod-Ulin and CaMKII Modulate ENaC Activity by Regulating the Association of MARCKS and the Cytoskeleton with the Apical Membrane","volume":"309","author":"Alli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.62.1.535","article-title":"Chloride Secretion by the Intestinal Epithelium: Molecular Basis and Regulatory Aspects","volume":"62","author":"Barrett","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2926","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000504","article-title":"Mechanisms Underlying Dysregulation of Electrolyte Absorption in Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Diarrhea","volume":"21","author":"Priyamvada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-011-0947-0","article-title":"Rotavirus Toxin NSP4 Induces Diarrhea by Activation of TMEM16A and Inhibition of Na+ Absorption","volume":"461","author":"Ousingsawat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pflugers. Arch."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borenshtein, D., Fry, R.C., Groff, E.B., Nambiar, P.R., Carey, V.J., Fox, J.G., and Schauer, D.B. (2008). Diarrhea as a Cause of Mortality in a Mouse Model of Infectious Colitis. Genome Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2008-9-8-r122"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3639","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00225-09","article-title":"Decreased Expression of Colonic Slc26a3 and Carbonic Anhydrase Iv as a Cause of Fatal Infectious Diarrhea in Mice","volume":"77","author":"Borenshtein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00421.2014","article-title":"Non-Synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of NHE3 Differentially Decrease NHE3 Transporter Activity","volume":"308","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2013.08.005","article-title":"Chloride Channel-Targeted Therapy for Secretory Diarrheas","volume":"13","author":"Thiagarajah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12220","article-title":"Slc26a3 Deficiency Is Associated with Loss of Colonic HCO3\u2212 Secretion, Absence of a Firm Mucus Layer and Barrier Impairment in Mice","volume":"211","author":"Xiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"ref_117","first-page":"255","article-title":"Association of Solute-Linked Carrier Family 26 Member A3 Gene Polymorphisms with Ulcerative Colitis among Chinese Patients","volume":"34","author":"Shao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.482","article-title":"A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Three New Suscepti-Bility Loci for Ulcerative Colitis in the Japanese Population","volume":"41","author":"Asano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.318082","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Hypertension","volume":"128","author":"Harrison","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2021.09.007","article-title":"Arterial Hypertension\u2014Clinical Trials Update 2021","volume":"32","author":"Mahfoud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_121","first-page":"195","article-title":"Recent Advances in the Pathophysiology of Arterial Hyperten-Sion: Potential Implications for Clinical Practice","volume":"127","author":"Hering","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pol. Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7291.912","article-title":"The Pathophysiology of Hypertension","volume":"322","author":"Beevers","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_123","first-page":"263","article-title":"Central and peripheral vascular resistance","volume":"5","author":"Ramalhinho","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Med. Port."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2021.102899","article-title":"The Pathophysiology of Vasovagal Syncope: Novel Insights","volume":"236","author":"Dijk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"III22-30","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.18.5_Suppl.III22","article-title":"Role of Sympathetic Efferent Nerves in Blood Pressure Regulation and in Hypertension","volume":"18","author":"Mathias","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(91)90896-S","article-title":"Relation of Cardiac Output at Rest and during Exercise to Age in Essential Hypertension","volume":"67","author":"Fagard","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X18800589","article-title":"The Importance of Comorbidities in Ischemic Stroke: Impact of Hypertension on the Cerebral Circulation","volume":"38","author":"Cipolla","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14481","article-title":"The Bidirectional Interaction between the Sympathetic Nervous System and Immune Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension","volume":"176","author":"Carnagarin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-013-0358-z","article-title":"The Role of CNS in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension","volume":"15","author":"Fujita","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Hypertens. Rep."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.14481","article-title":"Epithelial Sodium Channel and Salt-Sensitive Hypertension","volume":"77","author":"Mutchler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3283524949","article-title":"Genomic Epidemiology of Blood Pressure Salt Sensitivity","volume":"30","author":"Kelly","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.090696","article-title":"Splanchnic Circulation Is a Critical Neural Target in Angiotensin II Salt Hypertension in Rats","volume":"50","author":"King","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00566","article-title":"23Na Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Determined Tissue Sodium in Healthy Subjects and Hypertensive Patients","volume":"61","author":"Kopp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.02.003","article-title":"Cutaneous Na+ Storage Strengthens the Antimicrobial Barrier Function of the Skin and Boosts Macro-Phage-Driven Host Defense","volume":"21","author":"Jantsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI88532","article-title":"High Salt Intake Reprioritizes Osmolyte and Energy Metabolism for Body Fluid Conservation","volume":"127","author":"Kitada","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1519","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00206.2005","article-title":"Role of Renal Nerves in Development of Hypertension in DOCA-Salt Model in Rats: A Telemetric Approach","volume":"289","author":"Jacob","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000052944.54349.7B","article-title":"Ventrolateral Medulla AT1 Receptors Support Arterial Pressure in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats","volume":"41","author":"Ito","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17981","article-title":"Hypertension in Diabetes: An Update of Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Disease","volume":"78","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.193094","article-title":"Association between Annual Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure Variability and Stroke in Postmenopausal Women: Data from the Women\u2019s Health Initiative","volume":"60","author":"Shimbo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_140","first-page":"183","article-title":"The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). Major Outcomes in High-Risk Hypertensive Patients Randomized to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Calcium Channel Blocker vs Diuretic","volume":"5","author":"Hollenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Hypertens. Rep."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2013.135","article-title":"Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Heart Failure","volume":"94","author":"Shearer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15454","article-title":"The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Its Suppression","volume":"33","author":"Ames","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2013.09.002","article-title":"The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Heart Failure","volume":"32","author":"Sayer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2021.4928","article-title":"Role of the Central Renin-angiotensin System in Hypertension (Review)","volume":"47","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689360","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/689360","article-title":"The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Vascular Inflammation and Remodeling","volume":"2014","author":"Pacurari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poznyak, A.V., Bharadwaj, D., Prasad, G., Grechko, A.V., Sazonova, M.A., and Orekhov, A.N. (2021). Renin-Angiotensin System in Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis and Treatment of CVD. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22136702"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"III-27","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000131515.03336.f8","article-title":"Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in Atherosclerosis","volume":"109","author":"Davignon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306301","article-title":"Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and the Pathobiology of Atherosclerosis","volume":"118","author":"Gimbrone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jebari-Benslaiman, S., Galicia-Garc\u00eda, U., Larrea-Sebal, A., Olaetxea, J.R., Alloza, I., Vandenbroeck, K., Benito-Vicente, A., and Mart\u00edn, C. (2022). Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063346"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daniele, N., Marrone, G., Lauro, M., Daniele, F., Palazzetti, D., Guerriero, C., and Noce, A. (2021). Effects of Caloric Restriction Diet on Arterial Hypertension and Endothelial Dysfunction. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13010274"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5259","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in Hypertension: Role of the Kidney","volume":"20","author":"Araujo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00546","article-title":"Role of the NADPH Oxidases in the Subfornical Organ in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension","volume":"61","author":"Lob","year":"1979","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00241-0","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Human Hypertension","volume":"104","author":"Lifton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16471","article-title":"Polygenic Risk Scores Predict Hypertension Onset and Cardiovascular Risk","volume":"77","author":"Vaura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2020.11.006","article-title":"Permeability of the Endothelial Barrier: Identifying and Reconciling Controversies","volume":"27","author":"Dejana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-3-5","article-title":"Changes in Ion Transport in Inflammatory Disease","volume":"3","author":"Eisenhut","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Lond. Engl."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12853","article-title":"Donor Smoking Is Associated With Pulmonary Edema, Inflammation and Epithelial Dysfunction in Ex Vivo Human Donor Lungs","volume":"14","author":"Ware","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2017.12.18","article-title":"New Insights into the Mechanisms of Pulmonary Edema in Acute Lung Injury","volume":"6","author":"Herrero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scallan, J., Huxley, V.H., and Korthuis, R.J. (2010). Capillary Fluid Exchange: Regulation, Functions, and Pathology, Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences.","DOI":"10.4199\/C00006ED1V01Y201002ISP003"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c110048","article-title":"Pulmonary Gas Ex-Change and Acid-Base Balance during Exercise","volume":"3","author":"Stickland","year":"2013","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12112","article-title":"Lymph Transport in Rat Mesenteric Lym-phatics Experiencing Edemagenic Stress","volume":"21","author":"Rahbar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00037.2011","article-title":"Interstitial Fluid and Lymph Formation and Transport: Physiological Regulation and Roles in Inflammation and Cancer","volume":"92","author":"Wiig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c160006","article-title":"Ischemia\/Reperfusion","volume":"7","author":"Kalogeris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.18203\/2349-3933.ijam20210284","article-title":"Ascites in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: Case Report","volume":"8","author":"Dana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Med."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-020-00230-3","article-title":"A Blood-Brain Barrier Overview on Structure, Function, Impairment, and Biomarkers of Integrity","volume":"17","author":"Kadry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2494.2004.00241.x","article-title":"Ultraviolet Radiation and Skin Aging: Roles of Reactive Oxygen Spe-Cies, Inflammation and Protease Activation, and Strategies for Prevention of Inflammation-Induced Matrix Deg-Radation\u2014A Review","volume":"27","author":"Pillai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.2002.03698.x","article-title":"Cellular Signalling in Arteriolar Myogenic Constriction: In-Volvement of Tyrosine Phosphorylation Pathways","volume":"29","author":"Murphy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181863117","article-title":"A Rational Approach to Perioperative Fluid Management","volume":"109","author":"Chappell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2009.05.001","article-title":"The \u2019Third Space\u2019\u2013Fact or Fiction?","volume":"23","author":"Jacob","year":"2009","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3425","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S207720","article-title":"Escin: A Review of Its Anti-Edematous, Anti-Inflammatory, and Venotonic Properties","volume":"13","author":"Gallelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_171","unstructured":"Singh, S.K., and Revand, R. (2022). Approach to Lower Limb Oedema, Springer."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medidd.2023.100158","article-title":"Fluid Mechanics in Circulating Tumour Cells: Role in Metastasis and Treatment Strategies","volume":"18","author":"Rajput","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magder, S., Malhotra, A., Hibbert, K.A., and Hardin, C.C. (2021). Cardiopulmonary Monitoring: Basic Physiology, Tools, and Bedside Management for the Critically Ill, Springer Nature.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-73387-2"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-00504-1","article-title":"Diffuse Myocardial Fibrosis: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Approaches","volume":"18","author":"Ravassa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Britzen-Laurent, N., Weidinger, C., and St\u00fcrzl, M. (2023). Contribution of Blood Vessel Activation, Remodeling and Barrier Function to Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065517"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galler, K.M., Weber, M., Korkmaz, Y., Widbiller, M., and Feuerer, M. (2021). Inflammatory Response Mechanisms of the Dentine-Pulp Complex and the Periapical Tissues. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031480"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marek-Jozefowicz, L., Nedoszytko, B., Grochocka, M., \u017bmijewski, M.A., Czajkowski, R., Cuba\u0142a, W.J., and Slominski, A.T. (2023). Molecular Mechanisms of Neurogenic Inflammation of the Skin. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24055001"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meade, E., and Garvey, M. (2022). The Role of Neuro-Immune Interaction in Chronic Pain Conditions; Functional Somatic Syndrome, Neurogenic Inflammation, and Peripheral Neuropathy. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158574"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rongioletti, F., Romanelli, P., and Ferreli, C. (2020). Mucinosis and Disorders of Collagen and Elastic Fibers. Hosp. Based Dermatopathol. Illus. Diagn. Guide, 199\u2013244.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-35820-4_6"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609583","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.609583","article-title":"A Modern View of the Interstitial Space in Health and Disease","volume":"7","author":"Stewart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Vet Sci."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonamonte, D., and Filoni, A. (2021). Impact of Endocrine Disorders on Skin Disorders. Endocrinol. Syst. Dis., 399\u2013434.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-68729-2_15"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00006.2020","article-title":"Development and Physiological Functions of the Lymphatic System: Insights from Human Genetic Studies of Primary Lymphedema","volume":"101","author":"Mortimer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2007.5306","article-title":"Clinical Assessment of Human Lymph Flow Using Removal Rate Constants of Interstitial Macromolecules: A Critical Review of Lymphoscintigraphy","volume":"5","author":"Modi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lym-Phat. Res. Biol."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.08.013","article-title":"Imaging Technology of the Lymphatic System","volume":"170","author":"Polomska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27469","article-title":"Patient Per-Spectives on Breast Cancer Treatment Side Effects and the Prospective Surveillance Model for Physical Rehabilita-Tion for Women with Breast Cancer","volume":"118","author":"Binkley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001647","article-title":"Supraphysiological Doses of Levothyroxine Alter Regional Cerebral Metabolism and Improve Mood in Bipolar Depression","volume":"10","author":"Bauer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_187","unstructured":"Bauer, D.C., and McPhee, S.J. (2013). Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine, McGraw-Hill."},{"key":"ref_188","first-page":"2","article-title":"1. Pathophysiology and Classification of Kidney Diseases","volume":"20","year":"2009","journal-title":"Electron. J. Int. Fed. Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17088","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.88","article-title":"Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"3","author":"Romagnani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gft503","article-title":"Epithelial Transport during Septic Acute Kidney Injury","volume":"29","author":"Morrell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccm.0000281447.22966.8b","article-title":"Proinflammatory Cytokines Cause Down-Regulation of Renal Chloride Entry Pathways during Sepsis","volume":"35","author":"Schmidt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_192","unstructured":"(2023, October 01). Role of AQP1 in Endotoxemia-Induced Acute Kidney Injury\u2014PubMed, Available online: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18434389\/."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1568","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1994.266.6.C1568","article-title":"Cytokines Affect Ion Transport in Primary Cultured Thick Ascending Limb of Henle\u2019s Loop Cells","volume":"266","author":"Escalante","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_194","first-page":"F1013","article-title":"Interleukin-1 Inhibition of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in Inner Medullary Collecting Duct Cells: Role of PGE2","volume":"261","author":"Zeidel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8416763","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8416763","article-title":"Oxidative Stress: Harms and Benefits for Human Health","volume":"2017","author":"Pizzino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milkovic, L., Cipak Gasparovic, A., Cindric, M., Mouthuy, P.-A., and Zarkovic, N. (2019). Short Overview of ROS as Cell Function Regulators and Their Implications in Therapy Concepts. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8080793"},{"key":"ref_197","first-page":"e5478708","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in the Pathophysiology of Kidney Disease: Implications for Noninvasive Monitoring and Identification of Biomarkers","volume":"2020","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1997.sp004024","article-title":"Oxidative Stress: Oxidants and Antioxidants","volume":"82","author":"Sies","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2015.01.002","article-title":"Oxidative Stress: A Concept in Redox Biology and Medicine","volume":"4","author":"Sies","year":"2015","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06454-7","article-title":"Acute Kidney Injury in the Critically Ill: An Updated Review on Pathophysiology and Management","volume":"47","author":"Pickkers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.05.026","article-title":"Acute Kidney Injury from Sepsis: Current Concepts, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Prevention and Treatment","volume":"96","author":"Peerapornratana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_202","first-page":"85","article-title":"Acute Kidney Injury: Definition, Pathophysiology and Clinical Phenotypes","volume":"37","author":"Makris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2020.104270","article-title":"Which Risk Predictors Are More Likely to Indicate Severe AKI in Hospitalized Patients?","volume":"143","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Inf."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6193694","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6193694","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Acute Kid-Ney Injury in Critical Illness: Pathophysiologic Mechanisms-Biomarkers-Interventions, and Future Perspectives","volume":"2017","author":"Pavlakou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.50905","article-title":"Mitochondrial ROS Promote Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Inflammation in Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury by Disrupting TFAM-Mediated mtDNA Maintenance","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dennis, J.M., and Witting, P.K. (2017). Protective Role for Antioxidants in Acute Kidney Disease. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9070718"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111524","article-title":"Oxygen Free Radicals in Ischemic Acute Renal Failure in the Rat","volume":"74","author":"Paller","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0000000000000153","article-title":"Sepsis-Induced AKI Revisited: Pathophysiology, Prevention and Future Therapies","volume":"20","author":"Zarbock","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016080925","article-title":"Histones and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Enhance Tubular Necrosis and Remote Organ Injury in Ischemic AKI","volume":"28","author":"Nakazawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. JASN"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2018.12.014","article-title":"Amelioration of Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury through Inhibition of Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in Dendritic Cells and Neutrophils Respectively in Mice: Role of Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Signaling","volume":"158","author":"Nadeem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3684","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i28.3684","article-title":"Acute Kidney Injury Spectrum in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: Where Do We Stand?","volume":"25","author":"Chancharoenthana","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2006.08.015","article-title":"Oxidative Stress Is Progressively Enhanced with Advancing Stages of CKD","volume":"48","author":"Dounousi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panizo, S., Mart\u00ednez-Arias, L., Alonso-Montes, C., Cannata, P., Mart\u00edn-Carro, B., Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00edn, J.L., Naves-D\u00edaz, M., Carrillo-L\u00f3pez, N., and Cannata-And\u00eda, J.B. (2021). Fibrosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathogenesis and Consequences. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010408"},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.11.026","article-title":"CKD Progression and Mortality Among Men and Women: A Nationwide Study in Sweden","volume":"78","author":"Swartling","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duni, A., Liakopoulos, V., Roumeliotis, S., Peschos, D., and Dounousi, E. (2019). Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis and Evolution of Chronic Kidney Disease: Untangling Ariadne\u2019s Thread. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20153711"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2009.70","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in Renal Dysfunction: Mechanisms, Clinical Sequelae and Therapeutic Options","volume":"24","author":"Kao","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hum. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.2337\/diaspect.28.3.167","article-title":"Novel Therapies for Diabetic Kidney Disease: Storied Past and Forward Paths","volume":"28","author":"Dieter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Spectr."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.05.034","article-title":"The Hallmarks of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"92","author":"Galvan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04516","article-title":"Gout-Associated Uric Acid Crystals Activate the NALP3 Inflammasome","volume":"440","author":"Martinon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1501","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00195.2018","article-title":"Immune Cells and Inflammation in AKI to CKD Progression","volume":"315","author":"Sato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1105","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00285.2020","article-title":"Mitochondrial Dysfunction and the AKI-to-CKD Transition","volume":"319","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00199.2018","article-title":"Rodent Models of AKI-CKD Transition","volume":"315","author":"Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/12\/20\/2455\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:07:13Z","timestamp":1760130433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/12\/20\/2455"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]]},"references-count":222,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["cells12202455"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12202455","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]]}}}