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Its precise etiology remains undetermined, although both genetic and environmental factors are known to contribute to disease susceptibility. Due to KC\u2019s complex nature, there is currently no ideal animal model to represent both the corneal phenotype and underlying pathophysiology. Attempts to establish a KC model have involved mice, rats, and rabbits, with some additional novel animals suggested. Genetic animal models have only been attempted in mice. Similarly, spontaneously occurring animal models for KC have only been discovered in mice. Models generated using chemical or environmental treatments have been attempted in mice, rats, and rabbits. Among several methods used to induce KC in animals, ultraviolet radiation exposure and treatment with collagenase are some of the most prevalent. There is a clear need for an experimental model animal to elucidate the underlying mechanisms behind the development and progression of keratoconus. An appropriate animal model could also aid in the development of treatments to slow or arrest the disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12232681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T03:54:37Z","timestamp":1700625277000},"page":"2681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Animal Models for the Study of Keratoconus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"Hadvina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Estes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James & Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2870-4504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yutao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"James & Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(97)00119-7","article-title":"Keratoconus","volume":"42","author":"Rabinowitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surv. 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