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The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the formation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the human body. H2S is synthesized by enzymatic processes involving cysteine and several enzymes, including cystathionine-\u03b2-synthase (CBS), cystathionine-\u03b3-lyase (CSE), cysteine aminotransferase (CAT), 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST) and D-amino acid oxidase (DAO). The physiological and pathological effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on various systems in the human body have led to extensive research efforts to develop appropriate methods to deliver H2S under conditions that mimic physiological settings and respond to various stimuli. These functions span a wide spectrum, ranging from effects on the endocrine system and cellular lifespan to protection of liver and kidney function. The exact physiological and hazardous thresholds of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the human body are currently not well understood and need to be researched in depth. This article provides an overview of the physiological significance of H2S in the human body. It highlights the various sources of H2S production in different situations and examines existing techniques for detecting this gas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12232684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T08:47:43Z","timestamp":1700642863000},"page":"2684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Chemistry of Hydrogen Sulfide\u2014Pathological and Physiological Functions in Mammalian Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Celia Mar\u00eda Curieses","family":"Andr\u00e9s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario of Valladolid, Avenida de Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4663-5565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"P\u00e9rez de la Lastra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, Avda. Astrof\u00edsico Fco. S\u00e1nchez, 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Andr\u00e9s Juan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cinquima Institute and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Valladolid University, Paseo de Bel\u00e9n, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0831-893X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Plou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"P\u00e9rez-Lebe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sistemas de Biotecnolog\u00eda y Recursos Naturales, 47625 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ra72","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2000464","article-title":"H2S signals through protein S-sulfhydration","volume":"2","author":"Mustafa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci. 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