{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:58:41Z","timestamp":1792789121411,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,26]],"date-time":"2023-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021RIS-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021RIS-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI22C1650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI22C1650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021RIS-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021RIS-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI22C1650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI22C1650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Major features of aging might be progressive decreases in cognitive function and physical activity, in addition to withered appearance. Previously, we reported that the intracerebroventricular injection of human neural stem cells (NSCs named F3) encoded the choline acetyltransferase gene (F3.ChAT). The cells secreted acetylcholine and growth factors (GFs) and neurotrophic factors (NFs), thereby improving learning and memory function as well as the physical activity of aged animals. In this study, F344 rats (10 months old) were intravenously transplanted with F3 or F3.ChAT NSCs (1 \u00d7 106 cells) once a month to the 21st month of age. Their physical activity and cognitive function were investigated, and brain acetylcholine (ACh) and cholinergic and dopaminergic system markers were analyzed. Neuroprotective and neuroregenerative activities of stem cells were also confirmed by analyzing oxidative damages, neuronal skeletal protein, angiogenesis, brain and muscle weights, and proliferating host stem cells. Stem cells markedly improved both cognitive and physical functions, in parallel with the elevation in ACh levels in cerebrospinal fluid and muscles, in which F3.ChAT cells were more effective than F3 parental cells. Stem cell transplantation downregulated CCL11 and recovered GFs and NFs in the brain, leading to restoration of microtubule-associated protein 2 as well as functional markers of cholinergic and dopaminergic systems, along with neovascularization. Stem cells also restored muscular GFs and NFs, resulting in increased angiogenesis and muscle mass. In addition, stem cells enhanced antioxidative capacity, attenuating oxidative damage to the brain and muscles. The results indicate that NSCs encoding ChAT improve cognitive function and physical activity of aging animals by protecting and recovering functions of multiple organs, including cholinergic and dopaminergic systems, as well as muscles from oxidative injuries through secretion of ACh and GFs\/NFs, increased antioxidant elements, and enhanced blood flow.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12232711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T03:33:56Z","timestamp":1701056036000},"page":"2711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Repeated Intravenous Administration of Human Neural Stem Cells Producing Choline Acetyltransferase Exerts Anti-Aging Effects in Male F344 Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jangbeen","family":"Kyung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dajeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyungha","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongsun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9330-7620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soon-Cheol","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Myoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28576, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehn-Kyoung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28576, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1340-041X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun-Bae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28576, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.01.012","article-title":"Lifespan and healthspan extension by resveratrol","volume":"1852","author":"Bhullar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. 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