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The gene for stefin B is located on human chromosome 21 and its expression is upregulated in the brains of individuals with Down syndrome. Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in the stefin B gene lead to Unverricht\u2013Lundborg disease-progressive myoclonus epilepsy type 1 (EPM1) in humans. In our past study, we demonstrated that mice lacking stefin B were significantly more sensitive to sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and secreted higher levels of interleukin 1-\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) due to increased inflammasome activation in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Here, we report lower interleukin 1-\u03b2 processing and caspase-11 expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages prepared from mice that have an additional copy of the stefin B gene. Increased expression of stefin B downregulated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lowered the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in macrophages. We determined higher AMP-activated kinase phosphorylation and downregulation of mTOR activity in stefin B trisomic macrophages\u2014macrophages with increased stefin B expression. Our study showed that increased stefin B expression downregulated mitochondrial ROS generation and increased autophagy. The present work contributes to a better understanding of the role of stefin B in regulation of autophagy and inflammasome activation in macrophages and could help to develop new treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12232731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T12:01:00Z","timestamp":1701259260000},"page":"2731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Stefin B Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via AMPK\/mTOR Signalling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mojca","family":"Trstenjak-Prebanda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Biasizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"International Postgraduate School Jo\u017eef Stefan, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3903-6321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klemen","family":"Dolinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1459-6936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergej","family":"Pirkmajer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9007-5764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boris","family":"Turk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1418-5849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronique","family":"Brault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7049-6900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yann","family":"Herault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France"},{"name":"Institut Clinique de la Souris, PHENOMIN, CELPHEDIA, INSERM, CNRS, Universite\u2019 de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1381-070X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nata\u0161a","family":"Kopitar-Jerala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sultan, M., Piccini, I., Balzereit, D., Herwig, R., Saran, N.G., Lehrach, H., Reeves, R.H., and Yaspo, M.-L. 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