{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:37:17Z","timestamp":1787027837945,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82370259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82370259"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81970250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970250"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32271151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32271151"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82000056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82000056"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022A1515012310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515012310"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2020A1515010259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020A1515010259"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["JCYJ20190808121819024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20190808121819024"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["JCYJ20210324094006018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20210324094006018"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China","award":["82370259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82370259"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China","award":["81970250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970250"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China","award":["32271151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32271151"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China","award":["82000056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82000056"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China","award":["2022A1515012310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515012310"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China","award":["2020A1515010259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020A1515010259"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China","award":["JCYJ20190808121819024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20190808121819024"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China","award":["JCYJ20210324094006018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20210324094006018"]}]},{"name":"Basic Research Foundation of Shenzhen Grants","award":["82370259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82370259"]}]},{"name":"Basic Research Foundation of Shenzhen Grants","award":["81970250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970250"]}]},{"name":"Basic Research Foundation of Shenzhen Grants","award":["32271151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32271151"]}]},{"name":"Basic Research Foundation of Shenzhen Grants","award":["82000056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82000056"]}]},{"name":"Basic Research Foundation of Shenzhen Grants","award":["2022A1515012310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515012310"]}]},{"name":"Basic Research Foundation of Shenzhen Grants","award":["2020A1515010259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020A1515010259"]}]},{"name":"Basic Research Foundation of Shenzhen Grants","award":["JCYJ20190808121819024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20190808121819024"]}]},{"name":"Basic Research Foundation of Shenzhen Grants","award":["JCYJ20210324094006018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20210324094006018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-\u03b22), an important member of the TGF-\u03b2 family, is a secreted protein that is involved in many biological processes, such as cell growth, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. TGF-\u03b22 had been thought to be functionally identical to TGF-\u03b21; however, an increasing number of recent studies uncovered the distinctive features of TGF-\u03b22 in terms of its expression, activation, and biological functions. Mice deficient in TGF-\u03b22 showed remarkable developmental abnormalities in multiple organs, especially the cardiovascular system. Dysregulation of TGF-\u03b22 signalling was associated with tumorigenesis, eye diseases, cardiovascular diseases, immune disorders, as well as motor system diseases. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the research progress in TGF-\u03b22 to support further research on TGF-\u03b22.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12232739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T09:37:54Z","timestamp":1701337074000},"page":"2739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The Research Progress in Transforming Growth Factor-\u03b22"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Meng-Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Juan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le-Yi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3382-9977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1787-9990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng-Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morikawa, M., Derynck, R., and Miyazono, K. 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