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The human placental amniotic membrane (hPAM) is one of the most favorable sources of MSCs due to its availability and non-invasive harvesting procedure. However, the role of human placental amniotic membrane mesenchymal stromal cells (hPAMSCs) in the growth and progression of human CCA has not yet been determined. This study investigates the effects of conditioned medium derived from hPAMSCs (PA-CM) on the properties of three human CCA cell lines and explores possible mechanisms of action. Varying concentrations of PA-CM were used to treat CCA cells to determine their effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of CCA cells. The results showed that PA-CM inhibited the proliferation and colony-forming capacity of KKU100, KKU213A, and KKU213B cells. PA-CM also promoted the apoptosis of these CCA cells by causing the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Western Blotting confirmed that PA-CM induced CCA cell apoptosis by increasing the levels of the Bax\/Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved PARP, possibly by inhibiting the IL-6\/JAK2\/STAT3 signaling pathway. Moreover, our in vivo study also confirmed the suppressive effect of hPAMSCs on CCA cells by showing that PA-CM reduced tumor volume in nude mice transplanted with human CCA cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PA-CM has potent tumor-suppressive effects on human CCA cells and could potentially be used in combination with chemotherapy to develop a more effective treatment for CCA patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12242788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T10:45:33Z","timestamp":1701945933000},"page":"2788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Human Placental Amniotic Membrane Mesenchymal-Stromal-Cell-Derived Conditioned Medium Inhibits Growth and Promotes Apoptosis of Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo by Suppressing IL-6\/JAK2\/STAT3 Signaling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9058-0441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanachapa","family":"Jantalika","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research and Innovations, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirikul","family":"Manochantr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research and Innovations, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4113-7172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pakpoom","family":"Kheolamai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research and Innovations, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duangrat","family":"Tantikanlayaporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research and Innovations, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nattaya","family":"Thongsepee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"},{"name":"Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naree","family":"Warnnissorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4789-297X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weerachai","family":"Saijuntha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somchai","family":"Pinlaor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chairat","family":"Tantrawatpan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research and Innovations, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v2.i12.419","article-title":"Pathological classification of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on a new concept","volume":"2","author":"Nakanuma","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J. 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