{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T10:51:14Z","timestamp":1788519074135,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally, primarily affects retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). This review dives into the anatomy of RGC subtypes, covering the different underlying theoretical mechanisms that lead to RGC susceptibility in glaucoma, including mechanical, vascular, excitotoxicity, and neurotrophic factor deficiency, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, we examined numerous imaging methods and functional assessments to gain insight into RGC health. Finally, we investigated the current possible neuroprotective targets for RGCs that could help with future glaucoma research and management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12242797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T08:47:26Z","timestamp":1702025246000},"page":"2797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["The Role of Retinal Ganglion Cell Structure and Function in Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kathy Ming","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8894-9207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ta-Hsin","family":"Tsung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da-Wen","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","article-title":"Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Tham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2015.154","article-title":"Advances in retinal ganglion cell imaging","volume":"29","author":"Balendra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dias, M.S., Luo, X., Ribas, V.T., Petrs-Silva, H., and Koch, J.C. 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