{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T02:37:06Z","timestamp":1769222226461,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010621","name":"Medical University of Lublin, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DS 458"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DS 458"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Galectin-3\u2019s (Gal-3) effect on the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has not yet been extensively studied. The present study aims to analyze the potential role of Gal-3 as a prognostic biomarker in CLL patients. The Gal-3 expression was evaluated in CLL cells with RT-qPCR and flow cytometry. Due to the unclear clinical significance of soluble Gal-3 in CLL, our goal was also to assess the prognostic value of Gal-3 plasma level. Because cell survival is significantly affected by the interaction between Gal-3 and proteins such as Bcl-2, the results of Gal-3 expression analysis were also compared with the expression of Bcl-2. The results were analyzed for known prognostic factors, clinical data, and endpoints such as time to first treatment and overall survival time. Our research confirmed that Gal-3 is detected in and on CLL cells. However, using Gal-3 as a potential biomarker in CLL is challenging due to the significant heterogeneity in its expression in CLL cells. Moreover, our results revealed that Gal-3 mRNA expression in leukemic B cells is associated with the expression of proliferation markers (Ki-67 and PCNA) as well as anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and can play an important role in supporting CLL cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13010030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T04:44:40Z","timestamp":1703220280000},"page":"30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Can Galectin-3 Be a Novel Biomarker in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Justyna","family":"Wo\u015b","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Szyma\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2324-5679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Lehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5001-9258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylwia","family":"Chocholska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0788-6353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Zarobkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0526-510X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Po\u017carowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2340-9442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Bojarska-Junak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fiorcari, S., Maffei, R., Atene, C.G., Potenza, L., Luppi, M., and Marasca, R. 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