{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:32:16Z","timestamp":1791923536059,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":173,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\/47\/O\/NZ4\/01161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/47\/O\/NZ4\/01161"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A developing nervous system is particularly vulnerable to the influence of pathophysiological clues and injuries in the perinatal period. Astrocytes are among the first cells that react to insults against the nervous tissue, the presence of pathogens, misbalance of local tissue homeostasis, and a lack of oxygen and trophic support. Under this background, it remains uncertain if induced astrocyte activation, recognized as astrogliosis, is a friend or foe for progressing neonatal neurodevelopment. Likewise, the state of astrocyte reactivity is considered one of the key factors discriminating between either the initiation of endogenous reparative mechanisms compensating for aberrations in the structures and functions of nervous tissue or the triggering of neurodegeneration. The responses of activated cells are modulated by neighboring neural cells, which exhibit broad immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative properties by secreting a plethora of active compounds (including interleukins and chemokines, neurotrophins, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide synthase and complement components), which are engaged in cell crosstalk in a paracrine manner. As the developing nervous system is extremely sensitive to the influence of signaling molecules, even subtle changes in the composition or concentration of the cellular secretome can have significant effects on the developing neonatal brain. Thus, modulating the activity of other types of cells and their interactions with overreactive astrocytes might be a promising strategy for controlling neonatal astrogliosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13020131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T03:21:41Z","timestamp":1704943301000},"page":"131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Reactive Gliosis in Neonatal Disorders: Friend or Foe for Neuroregeneration?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4491-7633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Gargas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0093-8173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Janowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4006-5875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulina","family":"Gebala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6146-630X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weronika","family":"Maksymiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Sypecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25959","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161125939","article-title":"Energy Metabolism of the Brain, Including the Cooperation between Astrocytes and Neurons, Especially in the Context of Glycogen Metabolism","volume":"16","author":"Falkowska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.02.052","article-title":"The Metabolic Trinity, Glucose-Glycogen-Lactate, Links Astrocytes and Neurons in Brain Energetics, Signaling, Memory, and Gene Expression","volume":"637","author":"Dienel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2018.19","article-title":"Lactate in the Brain: From Metabolic End-Product to Signalling Molecule","volume":"19","author":"Magistretti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232105","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/232105","article-title":"Astrocyte-Synapse Structural Plasticity","volume":"2014","author":"Bernardinelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.09.056","article-title":"Cell Biology of Astrocyte-Synapse Interactions","volume":"96","author":"Allen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24191","article-title":"The Role of Astrocyte Structural Plasticity in Regulating Neural Circuit Function and Behavior","volume":"70","author":"Lawal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2022.09.007","article-title":"Astrocytes Regulate Neuronal Network Activity by Mediating Synapse Remodeling","volume":"187","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3898","article-title":"Astrocyte Barriers to Neurotoxic Inflammation","volume":"16","author":"Sofroniew","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-100617-062608","article-title":"Development and Cell Biology of the Blood-Brain Barrier","volume":"35","author":"Langen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00042.2016","article-title":"Physiology of Astroglia","volume":"98","author":"Verkhratsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09611","article-title":"Developmental Genetics of Vertebrate Glial-Cell Specification","volume":"468","author":"Rowitch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3993","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.12906","article-title":"Mechanisms of Radial Glia Progenitor Cell Lineage Progression","volume":"591","author":"Beattie","year":"2017","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916055","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.916055","article-title":"Astrocyte Development in the Cerebral Cortex: Complexity of Their Origin, Genesis, and Maturation","volume":"16","author":"Clavreul","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02339","article-title":"Sonic Hedgehog Regulates Gli Activator and Repressor Functions with Spatial and Temporal Precision in the Mid\/Hindbrain Region","volume":"133","author":"Blaess","year":"2006","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2858","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13382","article-title":"A Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Astrocytes Differentiation from Human Neural Progenitor Cells","volume":"44","author":"Magistri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.08.037","article-title":"Evidence That Embryonic Neurons Regulate the Onset of Cortical Gliogenesis via Cardiotrophin-1","volume":"48","author":"Wasylnka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-013-1435-9","article-title":"A Star Is Born: New Insights into the Mechanism of Astrogenesis","volume":"71","author":"Kanski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.93.024","article-title":"Emerging Mechanisms Underlying Astrogenesis in the Developing Mammalian Brain","volume":"93","author":"Takouda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B Phys. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2019.0189","article-title":"An Overview of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Mechanisms Involved in Astrocyte Development in the Central Nervous System","volume":"29","author":"Vaccaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22863","article-title":"Origin, Molecular Specification, and Stemness of Astrocytes","volume":"82","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-019-02926-x","article-title":"Heterogeneity of Astrocytes in Grey and White Matter","volume":"46","author":"Winkler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-021-02391-3","article-title":"Heterogeneity of White Matter Astrocytes in the Human Brain","volume":"143","author":"Bugiani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gargas, J., Janowska, J., Ziabska, K., Ziemka-Nalecz, M., and Sypecka, J. (2022). Neonatal Rat Glia Cultured in Physiological Normoxia for Modeling Neuropathological Conditions In Vitro. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23116000"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00566","article-title":"The Indispensable Roles of Microglia and Astrocytes during Brain Development","volume":"10","author":"Reemst","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Markey, K.M., Saunders, J.C., Smuts, J., von Reyn, C.R., and Garcia, A.D.R. (2023). Astrocyte Development-More Questions than Answers. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1063843"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, S., Kwon, H.J., and Huang, Z. (2012). A Functional Requirement for Astroglia in Promoting Blood Vessel Development in the Early Postnatal Brain. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048001"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23189","article-title":"Astrocytes Follow Ganglion Cell Axons to Establish an Angiogenic Template during Retinal Development","volume":"65","author":"Kerstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22575","article-title":"Glial Influence on the Blood Brain Barrier","volume":"61","author":"Alvarez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puebla, M., Tapia, P.J., and Espinoza, H. (2022). Key Role of Astrocytes in Postnatal Brain and Retinal Angiogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052646"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2014.12.006","article-title":"The Molecular, Cellular, and Morphological Components of Blood-Brain Barrier Development during Embryogenesis","volume":"38","author":"Hagan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3825","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI76431","article-title":"Canonical WNT Signaling Components in Vascular Development and Barrier Formation","volume":"124","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E11827","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1813217115","article-title":"Interplay of the Norrin and Wnt7a\/Wnt7b Signaling Systems in Blood-Brain Barrier and Blood-Retina Barrier Development and Maintenance","volume":"115","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200302047","article-title":"VEGF Guides Angiogenic Sprouting Utilizing Endothelial Tip Cell Filopodia","volume":"161","author":"Gerhardt","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5531-11.2012","article-title":"Astrocytes Control the Development of the Migration-Promoting Vasculature Scaffold in the Postnatal Brain via VEGF Signaling","volume":"32","author":"Bozoyan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03521.x","article-title":"Fibronectin Promotes Brain Capillary Endothelial Cell Survival and Proliferation through \u03b15\u03b21 and \u03b1v\u03b23 Integrins via MAP Kinase Signalling","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-020-03276-9","article-title":"The Process of Revascularization in the Neonatal Mouse Retina Following Short-Term Blockade of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors","volume":"382","author":"Morita","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.087817","article-title":"Laminins Containing the \u03922 and \u03933 Chains Regulate Astrocyte Migration and Angiogenesis in the Retina","volume":"140","author":"Gnanaguru","year":"2013","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2017.05.016","article-title":"Laminin-Dependent Interaction between Astrocytes and Microglia: A Role in Retinal Angiogenesis","volume":"187","author":"Biswas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2018.02.002","article-title":"Cell Adhesion and Matricellular Support by Astrocytes of the Tripartite Synapse","volume":"165\u2013167","author":"Hillen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.12.020","article-title":"Thrombospondins Are Astrocyte-Secreted Proteins That Promote CNS Synaptogenesis","volume":"120","author":"Christopherson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E440","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1104977108","article-title":"Control of Excitatory CNS Synaptogenesis by Astrocyte-Secreted Proteins Hevin and SPARC","volume":"108","author":"Kucukdereli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11059","article-title":"Astrocyte Glypicans 4 and 6 Promote Formation of Excitatory Synapses via GluA1 AMPA Receptors","volume":"486","author":"Allen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.09.053","article-title":"Astrocyte-Secreted Glypican 4 Regulates Release of Neuronal Pentraxin 1 from Axons to Induce Functional Synapse Formation","volume":"96","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2019.03.005","article-title":"Synaptogenic Pathways","volume":"57","author":"Kurshan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3476","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-022-03710-0","article-title":"Short-Chain Fatty Acids Reduce Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Loss by Inhibiting the Activation of Astrocytes via the SGK1\/IL-6 Signalling Pathway","volume":"47","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155420959147","article-title":"The Role of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans in Nervous System Development","volume":"69","author":"Mencio","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22713","article-title":"Astrocyte Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Promotes Inhibitory Synapse Formation via CaM Kinase II Signaling","volume":"62","author":"Diniz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.04.023","article-title":"Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 Mediates One Component of Competitive, Experience-Dependent Plasticity in Developing Visual Cortex","volume":"58","author":"Kaneko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.06.029","article-title":"Neural Circuit-Specialized Astrocytes: Transcriptomic, Proteomic, Morphological, and Functional Evidence","volume":"95","author":"Chai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadc9020","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adc9020","article-title":"Molecular Basis of Astrocyte Diversity and Morphology across the CNS in Health and Disease","volume":"378","author":"Endo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17005","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1008938107","article-title":"Nonneuronal Cells Regulate Synapse Formation in the Vestibular Sensory Epithelium via erbB-Dependent BDNF Expression","volume":"107","author":"Murtie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5880","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14969","article-title":"The Effects of Microglia- and Astrocyte-Derived Factors on Neurogenesis in Health and Disease","volume":"54","author":"Araki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2023.02.001","article-title":"Astrocytes and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)","volume":"197","author":"Albini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4250","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-020-02015-z","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte Response to Pathophysiological Conditions Triggered by Episode of Perinatal Hypoxia-Ischemia: Role of IGF-1 Secretion by Glial Cells","volume":"57","author":"Janowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Bhutta, Z.A. (2014). Manson\u2019s Tropical Infectious Diseases, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e03793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03793","article-title":"Prevalence of Perinatal Asphyxia in East and Central Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"6","author":"Workineh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00237","article-title":"Early Changes in Glutamate Metabolism and Perfusion in Basal Ganglia Following Hypoxia-Ischemia in Neonatal Piglets: A Multi-Sequence 3.0T MR Study","volume":"8","author":"Dang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-016-2149-9","article-title":"Glucose and Intermediary Metabolism and Astrocyte-Neuron Interactions Following Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia in Rat","volume":"42","author":"Brekke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-014-0153-z","article-title":"The Immune Response after Hypoxia-Ischemia in a Mouse Model of Preterm Brain Injury","volume":"11","author":"Albertsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575690","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.575690","article-title":"Astrocytic Sonic Hedgehog Alleviates Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Brain Injury via Modulation of Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity","volume":"14","author":"Xing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2020.07.004","article-title":"Astrocyte Reactivity: Subtypes, States, and Functions in CNS Innate Immunity","volume":"41","author":"Sofroniew","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, Y., Chen, X., Liu, Z., Peng, Y.-P., and Qiu, Y.-H. (2015). Interleukin-10 Protection against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuro-Inflammation and Neurotoxicity in Ventral Mesencephalic Cultures. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17010025"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14126","article-title":"Interleukin-10 Release from Astrocytes Suppresses Neuronal Apoptosis via the TLR2\/NF\u03baB Pathway in a Neonatal Rat Model of Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage","volume":"142","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01835-z","article-title":"NT-4 Attenuates Neuroinflammation via TrkB\/PI3K\/FoxO1 Pathway after Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage in Neonatal Rats","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-03232-0","article-title":"Neuroblasts Migration under Control of Reactive Astrocyte-Derived BDNF: A Promising Therapy in Late Neurogenesis after Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.09.042","article-title":"IGF-1 Protects Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells and Improves Neurological Functions Following Cerebral Hypoxia-Ischemia in the Neonatal Rat","volume":"1063","author":"Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1206936","article-title":"The Hedgehog Pathway Promotes Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity and CNS Immune Quiescence","volume":"334","author":"Alvarez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3803-11.2012","article-title":"Exogenous Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Stimulates Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Proliferation and Enhances Hippocampal Remyelination","volume":"32","author":"Deverman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22605","article-title":"Astrocyte-Specific Activation of TNFR2 Promotes Oligodendrocyte Maturation by Secretion of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor","volume":"62","author":"Fischer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22667","article-title":"Transient Improvement of Cerebellar Oligodendroglial Development in a Neonatal Hyperoxia Model by PDGFA Treatment","volume":"79","author":"Scheuer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15460","article-title":"Potential Crosstalk between Sonic Hedgehog-WNT Signaling and Neurovascular Molecules: Implications for Blood\u2013Brain Barrier Integrity in Autism Spectrum Disorder","volume":"159","author":"Gozal","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4886(03)00032-3","article-title":"Quantitative Analysis of Perinatal Rodent Oligodendrocyte Lineage Progression and Its Correlation with Human","volume":"181","author":"Craig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1159\/000327242","article-title":"Strain-Specific Differences in Perinatal Rodent Oligodendrocyte Lineage Progression and Its Correlation with Human","volume":"33","author":"Dean","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2013.04.001","article-title":"Brain Development in Rodents and Humans: Identifying Benchmarks of Maturation and Vulnerability to Injury across Species","volume":"106\u2013107","author":"Semple","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.12.097","article-title":"The Development of Brain White Matter Microstructure","volume":"182","author":"Lebel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662031","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.662031","article-title":"Cerebral White Matter Myelination and Relations to Age, Gender, and Cognition: A Selective Review","volume":"15","author":"Buyanova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10460","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0045-15.2015","article-title":"Functional Oxygen Sensitivity of Astrocytes","volume":"35","author":"Angelova","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.06.101","article-title":"Physiology: New Insights into Central Oxygen Sensing","volume":"30","author":"SheikhBahaei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fitzgerald, R.S., and Rocher, A. (2021). Physiology and Pathophysiology of Oxygen Sensitivity. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10071114"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3807","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI126655","article-title":"Roles of HIFs and VEGF in Angiogenesis in the Retina and Brain","volume":"129","author":"Rattner","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2011.00005","article-title":"Oxygen, a Key Factor Regulating Cell Behavior during Neurogenesis and Cerebral Diseases","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.01.021","article-title":"Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Physiology and Medicine","volume":"148","author":"Semenza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"169","article-title":"HIF-1\u03b1 Restricts NF-\u03baB-Dependent Gene Expression to Control Innate Immunity Signals","volume":"8","author":"Bandarra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.03.046","article-title":"Differential Regulation of HIF-3\u03b1 in LPS-Induced BV-2 Microglial Cells: Comparison and Characterization with HIF-1\u03b1","volume":"1610","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1159\/000515739","article-title":"Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Alpha Is Dispensable for Host Defense of Group B Streptococcus Colonization and Infection","volume":"13","author":"Lum","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Innate Immun."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Uden, P., Kenneth, N.S., Webster, R., M\u00fcller, H.A., Mudie, S., and Rocha, S. (2011). Evolutionary Conserved Regulation of HIF-1\u03b2 by NF-\u03baB. PLoS Genet., 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001285"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070743","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1070743","article-title":"Neonatal Asphyxia as an Inflammatory Disease: Reactive Oxygen Species and Cytokines","volume":"11","author":"Okazaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2007.01.015","article-title":"Epo and Other Hematopoietic Factors","volume":"12","author":"Juul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.33594\/000000199","article-title":"When the Brain Yearns for Oxygen","volume":"27","author":"Leu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosignals"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9471","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2838-06.2006","article-title":"The Transcriptional Activator Hypoxia Inducible Factor 2 (HIF-2\/EPAS-1) Regulates the Oxygen-Dependent Expression of Erythropoietin in Cortical Astrocytes","volume":"26","author":"Chavez","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23734","article-title":"Neurochemical Regulation of the Expression and Function of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in Astrocytes","volume":"68","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, W., Pang, K., Chen, Y., Wang, S., Li, H., Xu, Y., Han, F., Yao, H., Liu, H., and Lopes-Rodrigues, V. (2019). TrkB Agonistic Antibodies Superior to BDNF: Utility in Treating Motoneuron Degeneration. Neurobiol. Dis., 132.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2019.104590"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01831-3","article-title":"Prolonged Astrocyte-Derived Erythropoietin Expression Attenuates Neuronal Damage under Hypothermic Conditions","volume":"17","author":"Toriuchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15475","article-title":"Erythropoietin and Derivatives: Potential Beneficial Effects on the Brain","volume":"158","author":"Vittori","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200317977","article-title":"VEGF-Induced Neuroprotection, Neurogenesis, and Angiogenesis after Focal Cerebral Ischemia","volume":"111","author":"Sun","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1395","article-title":"VEGF Links Hippocampal Activity with Neurogenesis, Learning and Memory","volume":"36","author":"Cao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11946","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.182296499","article-title":"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Stimulates Neurogenesis in Vitro and in Vivo","volume":"99","author":"Jin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808568","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.808568","article-title":"VEGF Modulates Neurogenesis and Microvascular Remodeling in Epileptogenesis After Status Epilepticus in Immature Rats","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2019.13","article-title":"Nutritional Ketosis as an Intervention to Relieve Astrogliosis: Possible Therapeutic Applications in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative and Neuroprogressive Disorders","volume":"63","author":"Morris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.08.019","article-title":"Pharmacologic Stabilization of Hypoxia-Inducible Transcription Factors Protects Developing Mouse Brain from Hypoxia-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death","volume":"278","author":"Trollmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.125","article-title":"Microglia and Macrophages in Brain Homeostasis and Disease","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-98","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and M2 Microglia: The Good, the Bad, and the Inflamed","volume":"11","author":"Cherry","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2015.06.010","article-title":"Diversity and Plasticity of Microglial Cells in Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders","volume":"154","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16656199","article-title":"Differential Subnetwork of Chemokines\/Cytokines in Human, Mouse, and Rat Brain Cells after Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation","volume":"37","author":"Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e14713","article-title":"A Richer and More Diverse Future for Microglia Phenotypes","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612825666190722114248","article-title":"Heterogeneity of Microglia Phenotypes: Developmental, Functional and Some Therapeutic Considerations","volume":"25","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00198","article-title":"Overview of General and Discriminating Markers of Differential Microglia Phenotypes","volume":"14","author":"Jurga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.01.003","article-title":"Astrocytes and Microglia: In Sickness and in Health","volume":"43","author":"Vainchtein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S., and Son, Y. (2021). Astrocytes Stimulate Microglial Proliferation and M2 Polarization In Vitro through Crosstalk between Astrocytes and Microglia. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168800"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, J., Wang, T., Jin, X., Wang, G., Zhao, F., and Jin, Y. (2021). Roles of Crosstalk between Astrocytes and Microglia in Triggering Neuroinflammation and Brain Edema Formation in 1,2-Dichloroethane-Intoxicated Mice. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10102647"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gotoh, M., Miyamoto, Y., and Ikeshima-Kataoka, H. (2023). Astrocytic Neuroimmunological Roles Interacting with Microglial Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021599"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.5114\/fn.2013.35952","article-title":"Heterogeneity of Local Tissue Microenvironment Influences Differentiation of Oligodendroglial Progenitors","volume":"51","author":"Sypecka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.09.021","article-title":"The Immunomodulatory Oligodendrocyte","volume":"1641","author":"Zeis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuhn, S., Gritti, L., Crooks, D., and Dombrowski, Y. (2019). Oligodendrocytes in Development, Myelin Generation and Beyond. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8111424"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2013","article-title":"Astrocyte Reactivity and Reactive Astrogliosis: Costs and Benefits","volume":"94","author":"Pekny","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.03.009","article-title":"The Multifaceted Role of Astrocytes in Regulating Myelination","volume":"283","author":"Lindsay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, Y., Xie, D., Fang, M., Zhu, G., Chen, C., Zeng, H., Lu, J., and Charanjit, K. (2014). Astrocyte-Derived Proinflammatory Cytokines Induce Hypomyelination in the Periventricular White Matter in the Hypoxic Neonatal Brain. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087420"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.01.010","article-title":"Morphological Changes in White Matter Astrocytes in Response to Hypoxia\/Ischemia in the Neonatal Pig","volume":"1319","author":"Sullivan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0807-8","article-title":"The Potential Neuroprotective Role of a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Sodium Butyrate, after Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia","volume":"14","author":"Jaworska","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02499-7","article-title":"Persistent Cortical and White Matter Inflammation after Therapeutic Hypothermia for Ischemia in Near-Term Fetal Sheep","volume":"19","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2017-00539","article-title":"The Hypothalamic Inflammatory\/Gliosis Response to Neonatal Overnutrition Is Sex and Age Dependent","volume":"159","author":"Ros","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23037","article-title":"Epidermal Growth Factor Preserves Myelin and Promotes Astrogliosis after Intraventricular Hemorrhage","volume":"64","author":"Vinukonda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5919","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S337499","article-title":"Melatonin Ameliorates Axonal Hypomyelination of Periventricular White Matter by Transforming A1 to A2 Astrocyte via JAK2\/STAT3 Pathway in Septic Neonatal Rats","volume":"14","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.115.098228","article-title":"Reduced Myelination and Increased Glia Reactivity Resulting from Severe Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia","volume":"89","author":"Barateiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.06.015","article-title":"Fetal Brain Vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 Infection","volume":"112","author":"McMahon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221266","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1221266","article-title":"Reactive Gliosis and Neuroinflammation: Prime Suspects in the Pathophysiology of Post-Acute neuroCOVID-19 Syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Saucier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.01.016","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Targets Glial Cells in Human Cortical Organoids","volume":"16","author":"McMahon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2122236119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2122236119","article-title":"Tropism of SARS-CoV-2 for Human Cortical Astrocytes","volume":"119","author":"Andrews","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7864","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0982-17.2017","article-title":"Interleukin-1 Receptor in Seizure Susceptibility after Traumatic Injury to the Pediatric Brain","volume":"37","author":"Semple","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13965","article-title":"Commonalities in Epileptogenic Processes from Different Acute Brain Insults: Do They Translate?","volume":"59","author":"Klein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.04.034","article-title":"Astrogliosis in Juvenile Non-Human Primates 2 Years after Infant Anaesthesia Exposure","volume":"127","author":"Neudecker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, B., Chen, L., Liao, P., Huang, L., Chen, Z., Liao, D., Yang, L., Wang, J., Yu, G., and Wang, L. (2019). Astroglial Dysfunctions Drive Aberrant Synaptogenesis and Social Behavioral Deficits in Mice with Neonatal Exposure to Lengthy General Anesthesia. PLoS Biol., 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000086"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sofroniew, M.V. (2014). Astrogliosis. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 7.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a020420"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-023-01526-9","article-title":"Roles of Neuropathology-Associated Reactive Astrocytes: A Systematic Review","volume":"11","author":"Lawrence","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.08.012","article-title":"Astrocyte Crosstalk in CNS Inflammation","volume":"108","author":"Linnerbauer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109048","article-title":"Reactive Astrocytes Facilitate Vascular Repair and Remodeling after Stroke","volume":"35","author":"Williamson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00783-4","article-title":"Reactive Astrocyte Nomenclature, Definitions, and Future Directions","volume":"24","author":"Escartin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, M., You, H., Hu, X., Luo, Y., Zhang, Z., Song, Y., An, J., and Lu, H. (2023). Microglia-Astrocyte Interaction in Neural Development and Neural Pathogenesis. Cells, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12151942"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abq4822","article-title":"Droplet-Based Forward Genetic Screening of Astrocyte-Microglia Cross-Talk","volume":"379","author":"Wheeler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2023.02.007","article-title":"Temporal Dynamics of Microglia-Astrocyte Interaction in Neuroprotective Glial Scar Formation after Intracerebral Hemorrhage","volume":"13","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Anal."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.03.006","article-title":"Molecular and Metabolic Heterogeneity of Astrocytes and Microglia","volume":"35","author":"Hasel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21094","article-title":"Astrocyte TLR4 Activation Induces a Proinflammatory Environment through the Interplay between MyD88-Dependent NF\u03baB Signaling, MAPK, and Jak1\/Stat1 Pathways","volume":"59","author":"Gorina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3457-15.2016","article-title":"Astrocytic GAP43 Induced by the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB\/STAT3 Axis Attenuates Astrogliosis-Mediated Microglial Activation and Neurotoxicity","volume":"36","author":"Hung","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2022.02.015","article-title":"Ski Regulates the Inflammatory Response of Reactive Astrocytes Induced by Oxygen Glucose Deprivation\/Reoxygenation (OGD\/R) Through the NF-\u03baB Pathway","volume":"490","author":"Liao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.55782\/ane-2013-1926","article-title":"Differentiation of Glia-Committed NG2 Cells: The Role of Factors Released from Hippocampus and Spinal Cord","volume":"73","author":"Sypecka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neurobiol. Exp."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakry, D., Yigit, H., Dimou, L., and Trotter, J. (2015). Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Synthesize Neuromodulatory Factors. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127222"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42156","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.42156","article-title":"Oligodendrocytes Regulate Presynaptic Properties and Neurotransmission through BDNF Signaling in the Mouse Brainstem","volume":"8","author":"Jang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23670","article-title":"STAT3-Mediated Astrogliosis Protects Myelin Development in Neonatal Brain Injury","volume":"72","author":"Nobuta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23212","article-title":"Reactive Astrocyte COX2-PGE2 Production Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Maturation in Neonatal White Matter Injury","volume":"65","author":"Shiow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.11.002","article-title":"Impaired Oligodendrogenesis and Myelination by Elevated S100B Levels during Neurodevelopment","volume":"129","author":"Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nutma, E., van Gent, D., Amor, S., and Peferoen, L.A.N. (2020). Astrocyte and Oligodendrocyte Cross-Talk in the Central Nervous System. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9030600"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2017.1398156","article-title":"Postnatal Melatonin Treatment Protects against Affective Disorders Induced by Early-Life Immune Stimulation by Reducing the Microglia Cell Activation and Oxidative Stress","volume":"128","author":"Berkiks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.06.027","article-title":"<Omega>-3 PUFA Attenuates LPS-Induced Neuro-Injury of Neonatal Rats through the PI3K\/AKT Pathway","volume":"414","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3649","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S245300","article-title":"Liposomal Encapsulated Curcumin Effectively Attenuates Neuroinflammatory and Reactive Astrogliosis Reactions in Glia Cells and Organotypic Brain Slices","volume":"15","author":"Schmitt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hardeland, R. (2021). Melatonin and Microglia. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22158296"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Metzler-Zebeli, B.U. (2021). The Role of Dietary and Microbial Fatty Acids in the Control of Inflammation in Neonatal Piglets. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11102781"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02594-5","article-title":"Differential Expression and Distinct Roles of Proteinase-Activated Receptor 2 in Microglia and Neurons in Neonatal Mouse Brain After Hypoxia-Ischemic Injury","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-021-01908-5","article-title":"Resveratrol Improves Synaptic Plasticity in Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Mice via Alleviating SIRT1\/NF-\u03baB Signaling-Mediated Neuroinflammation","volume":"72","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3727\/096368916X692861","article-title":"Pivotal Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Secreted by Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Newborn Rats","volume":"26","author":"Ahn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6902","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-1570-x","article-title":"Secretome of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Its Potential Protective Effects on Brain Pathologies","volume":"56","author":"Sahebkar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrell, C.R., Fellabaum, C., Jovicic, N., Djonov, V., Arsenijevic, N., and Volarevic, V. (2019). Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Secretome. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8050467"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5114\/fn.2022.114335","article-title":"Critical Factors Responsible for the Therapeutic Effect of Mesenchymal Stem\/Stromal Cells in Central Nervous System Disorders","volume":"60","author":"Sypecka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2017.0029","article-title":"Human Wharton\u2019s Jelly-Derived Stem Cells Display a Distinct Immunomodulatory and Proregenerative Transcriptional Signature Compared to Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells","volume":"27","author":"Donders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16946","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74066-0","article-title":"Biomimetic Microenvironmental Preconditioning Enhance Neuroprotective Properties of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Wharton\u2019s Jelly (WJ-MSCs)","volume":"10","author":"Lech","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61167-z","article-title":"A Comparative Analysis of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Different Sources, with a Focus on Neuroregenerative Potential","volume":"10","author":"Petrenko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6021","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0802-1","article-title":"Neuroprotective Potential and Paracrine Activity of Stromal Vs. Culture-Expanded hMSC Derived from Wharton Jelly under Co-Cultured with Hippocampal Organotypic Slices","volume":"55","author":"Dabrowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sypecka, M., Bzinkowska, A., Sulejczak, D., Dabrowski, F., and Sarnowska, A. (2022). Evaluation of the Optimal Manufacturing Protocols and Therapeutic Properties of Mesenchymal Stem\/Stromal Cells Derived from Wharton\u2019s Jelly. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010652"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5956","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.33872","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as a Nanotherapeutic Agent for Amelioration of Inflammation-Induced Astrocyte Alterations in Mice","volume":"9","author":"Xian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23712","article-title":"Reactive Microglia and Astrocytes in Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage Model Are Blocked by Mesenchymal Stem Cells","volume":"68","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, Y.-E., Ahn, S.-Y., Park, W.-S., Sung, D.-K., Sung, S.-I., Yang, M.-S., and Chang, Y.-S. (2022). Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Brain Injury in Escherichia Coli Meningitis in Newborn Rats. Life, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/life12071030"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-023-02707-x","article-title":"Advances in Neonatal Cell Therapies: Proceedings of the First Neonatal Cell Therapies Symposium (2022)","volume":"94","author":"Malhotra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-021-01716-y","article-title":"Combined Hypothermia and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Animal Models of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischaemic Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review","volume":"92","author":"Teo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1093\/stcltm\/szad006","article-title":"Factors Influencing the Efficacy of Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Cell Therapy for Perinatal Brain Injury","volume":"12","author":"Purcell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/13\/2\/131\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:44:14Z","timestamp":1760103854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/13\/2\/131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"references-count":173,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["cells13020131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells13020131","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]}}}