{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:35:34Z","timestamp":1760142934236,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Access Publication Funds\/Transformative Agreements of the University of Goettingen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Localized jawbone invasion is a milestone in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The factors that promote this process are not well understood. Sclerostin is known to be involved in bone metabolism and there are preliminary reports of its involvement in bone tumors and bone metastasis. To identify a possible involvement of sclerostin in the bone invasion process of OSCC, sclerostin expression was analyzed in vitro in two different human OSCC tumor cell lines by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and the effect of recombinant human (rh)-sclerostin treatment on tumor cell capabilities was evaluated using proliferation, migration, and invasion assays. Undifferentiated human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were osteogenically differentiated and co-cultured with OSCC tumor cells to demonstrate potential interactions and migration characteristics. Sclerostin expression was evaluated in clinical cases by immunohistochemistry at the OSCC\u2013jawbone interface in a cohort of 15 patients. Sclerostin expression was detected in both OSCC tumor cell lines in vitro and was also detected at the OSCC\u2013jawbone interface in clinical cases. Tumor cell proliferation rate, migration and invasion ability were increased by rh-sclerostin treatment. The migration rate of tumor cells co-cultured with osteogenically differentiated hMSCs was increased. The results presented are the first data suggesting a possible involvement of sclerostin in the bone invasion process of OSCC, which deserves further investigation and may be a potential approach for drug-based tumor therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13020137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T06:52:14Z","timestamp":1704955934000},"page":"137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sclerostin Alters Tumor Cell Characteristics of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and May Be a Key Player in Local Bone Invasion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2402-4280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uwe","family":"Schirmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques, D-37308 Heiligenstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sina Allegra","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques, D-37308 Heiligenstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5340-9593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatjana","family":"Khromov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Bremmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Schminke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2008-7188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henning","family":"Schliephake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Liefeith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques, D-37308 Heiligenstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3694-2828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phillipp","family":"Brockmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"394","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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