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A diverse set of receptors and signaling proteins localize within cilia to regulate many physiological and developmental pathways, including the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. Defects in cilia structure, protein localization, and function lead to genetic disorders called ciliopathies, which present with various clinical features that include several neurodevelopmental phenotypes and hyperphagia-associated obesity. Despite their dysfunction being implicated in several disease states, understanding their roles in central nervous system (CNS) development and signaling has proven challenging. We hypothesize that dynamic changes to ciliary protein composition contribute to this challenge and may reflect unrecognized diversity of CNS cilia. The proteins ARL13B and ADCY3 are established markers of cilia in the brain. ARL13B is a regulatory GTPase important for regulating cilia structure, protein trafficking, and Hh signaling, and ADCY3 is a ciliary adenylyl cyclase. Here, we examine the ciliary localization of ARL13B and ADCY3 in the perinatal and adult mouse brain. We define changes in the proportion of cilia enriched for ARL13B and ADCY3 depending on brain region and age. Furthermore, we identify distinct lengths of cilia within specific brain regions of male and female mice. ARL13B+ cilia become relatively rare with age in many brain regions, including the hypothalamic feeding centers, while ADCY3 becomes a prominent cilia marker in the mature adult brain. It is important to understand the endogenous localization patterns of these proteins throughout development and under different physiological conditions as these common cilia markers may be more dynamic than initially expected. Understanding regional- and developmental-associated cilia protein composition signatures and physiological condition cilia dynamic changes in the CNS may reveal the molecular mechanisms associated with the features commonly observed in ciliopathy models and ciliopathies, like obesity and diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13030259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T05:14:32Z","timestamp":1706591672000},"page":"259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Postnatal Dynamic Ciliary ARL13B and ADCY3 Localization in the Mouse Brain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Katlyn K.","family":"Brewer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn M.","family":"Brewer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2729-6281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiffany T.","family":"Terry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6579-7589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara","family":"Caspary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4274-7033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Vaisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 92697, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas F.","family":"Berbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"},{"name":"Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"},{"name":"Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.60","article-title":"Genes and molecular pathways underpinning ciliopathies","volume":"18","author":"Reiter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. 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