{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T00:45:50Z","timestamp":1774053950790,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University Bochum"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Huntington\u2019s disease (HD), a congenital neurodegenerative disorder, extends its pathological damages beyond the nervous system. The systematic manifestation of HD has been extensively described in numerous studies, including dysfunction in peripheral organs and peripheral inflammation. Gut dysbiosis and the gut\u2013liver\u2013brain axis have garnered greater emphasis in neurodegenerative research, and increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been identified in HD patients and various in vivo models, correlating with disease progression. In the present study, we investigated hepatic pathological markers in the liver of R6\/2 mice which convey exon 1 of the human mutant huntingtin gene. Furthermore, we evaluated the impact of intravenously administered Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) on the liver enzymes, changes in hepatic inflammatory markers, as well as brain pathology and behavioral deficits in R6\/2 mice. Our results revealed altered enzyme expression and increased levels of inflammatory mediators in the liver of R6\/2 mice, which were significantly attenuated in the MSC-treated R6\/2 mice. Remarkably, neuronal pathology and altered motor activities in the MSC-treated R6\/2 mice were significantly ameliorated, despite the absence of MSCs in the postmortem brain. Our data highlight the importance of hepatic pathological changes in HD, providing a potential therapeutic approach. Moreover, the data open new perspectives for the search in blood biomarkers correlating with liver pathology in HD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13060469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T08:59:37Z","timestamp":1709801977000},"page":"469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Intravenous MSC-Treatment Improves Impaired Brain Functions in the R6\/2 Mouse Model of Huntington\u2019s Disease via Recovered Hepatic Pathological Changes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Libo","family":"Yu-Taeger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University of Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"El-Ayoubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University of Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University of Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4130-8477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lusine","family":"Danielyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany"},{"name":"Departments of Biochemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, and Neuroscience Laboratory, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6139-788X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoa Huu Phuc","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University of Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medical Chemistry, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(95)93943-R","article-title":"Genetics and molecular biology of Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"Albin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00221","article-title":"Sleep Disorders in Huntington\u2019s Disease","volume":"10","author":"Krzywoszanski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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