{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T05:17:02Z","timestamp":1782278222473,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":171,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"LEO Fondet"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is characterized by the proliferation of malignant T cells in inflamed skin lesions. Mycosis fungoides (MF)\u2014the most common variant of CTCL\u2014often presents with skin lesions around the abdomen and buttocks (\u201cbathing suit\u201d distribution), i.e., in skin areas devoid of sun-induced vitamin D. For decades, sunlight and vitamin D have been connected to CTCL. Thus, vitamin D induces apoptosis and inhibits the expression of cytokines in malignant T cells. Furthermore, CTCL patients often display vitamin D deficiency, whereas phototherapy induces vitamin D and has beneficial effects in CTCL, suggesting that light and vitamin D have beneficial\/protective effects in CTCL. Inversely, vitamin D promotes T helper 2 (Th2) cell specific cytokine production, regulatory T cells, tolerogenic dendritic cells, as well as the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, all of which may have disease-promoting effects by stimulating malignant T-cell proliferation and inhibiting anticancer immunity. Studies on vitamin D treatment in CTCL patients showed conflicting results. Some studies found positive effects, others negative effects, while the largest study showed no apparent clinical effect. Taken together, vitamin D may have both pro- and anticancer effects in CTCL. The balance between the opposing effects of vitamin D in CTCL is likely influenced by treatment and may change during the disease course. Therefore, it remains to be discovered whether and how the effect of vitamin D can be tilted toward an anticancer response in CTCL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13060503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T13:23:11Z","timestamp":1710336191000},"page":"503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Vitamin D in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"August-Witte Feentved","family":"\u00d8dum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8472-0771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carsten","family":"Geisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.031070","article-title":"Comparison of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 supplementation in raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Tripkovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. 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