{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T01:25:37Z","timestamp":1787793937709,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":300,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs), encompassing mycosis fungoides (MF) and S\u00e9zary syndrome (SS), present a complex landscape influenced by cytokines and cellular responses. In this work, the intricate relationship between these inflammatory proteins and disease pathogenesis is examined, focusing on what is known at the clinical and therapeutic levels regarding the most well-known inflammatory mediators. An in-depth look is given to their possible alterations caused by novel immunomodulatory drugs and how they may alter disease progression. From this narrative review of the actual scientific landscape, Interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3) emerges as a central player, demonstrating a dual role in both promoting and inhibiting cancer immunity, but the work navigates through all the major interleukins known in inflammatory environments. Immunotherapeutic perspectives are elucidated, highlighting the crucial role of the cutaneous microenvironment in shaping dysfunctional cell trafficking, antitumor immunity, and angiogenesis in MF, showcasing advancements in understanding and targeting the immune phenotype in CTCL. In summary, this manuscript aims to comprehensively explore the multifaceted aspects of CTCL, from the immunopathogenesis and cytokine dynamics centred around TNF-\u03b1 and IFN-\u03b3 to evolving therapeutic modalities. Including all the major known and studied cytokines in this analysis broadens our understanding of the intricate interplay influencing CTCL, paving the way for improved management of this complex lymphoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13070584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T12:52:12Z","timestamp":1711630332000},"page":"584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Role of Cytokines in Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma: A Focus on the State of the Art and Possible Therapeutic Targets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Alba","family":"Guglielmo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3323-9216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corrado","family":"Zengarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Agostinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Haematopathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5593-5397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Haematopathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4136-3591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Sabattini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Haematopathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1025-7171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Pileri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-11-881268","article-title":"The 2018 update of the WHO-EORTC classification for primary cutaneous lymphomas","volume":"133","author":"Willemze","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2011.04.002","article-title":"Primary cutaneous lymphomas: A reprisal","volume":"28","author":"Pileri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin. 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