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In the central nervous system of most mammals, including humans, the majority of neocortical neurogenesis occurs before birth. It is a highly spatiotemporally organized process whose perturbations lead to cortical malformations and dysfunctions underlying neurological and psychiatric pathologies, and in which oxygen availability plays a critical role. In case of deprived oxygen conditions, known as hypoxia, the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling pathway is activated, resulting in the selective expression of a group of genes that regulate homeostatic adaptations, including cell differentiation and survival, metabolism and angiogenesis. While a physiological degree of hypoxia is essential for proper brain development, imbalanced oxygen levels can adversely affect this process, as observed in common obstetrical pathologies such as prematurity. This review comprehensively explores and discusses the current body of knowledge regarding the role of hypoxia and the HIF pathway in embryonic neurogenesis of the mammalian cortex. Additionally, it highlights existing gaps in our understanding, presents unanswered questions, and provides avenues for future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13070621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T08:42:34Z","timestamp":1712133754000},"page":"621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["From Vessels to Neurons\u2014The Role of Hypoxia Pathway Proteins in Embryonic Neurogenesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5620-0252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara K.","family":"Stepien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4923-2596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Wielockx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany"},{"name":"Experimental Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-100814-125353","article-title":"Generating Neuronal Diversity in the Mammalian Cerebral Cortex","volume":"31","author":"Lodato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. 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