{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:33:38Z","timestamp":1790285618178,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FSSF-2023-0046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSSF-2023-0046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infertility is an important personal and society disease, of which the male factor represents half of all causes. One of the aspects less studied in male infertility is the immunological testicular microenvironment. Mast cells (MCs), having high potential for regulating spermatogenesis due to fine-tuning the state of the integrative buffer metabolic environment, are one of the most crucial cellular subpopulations of the testicular interstitium. One important component of the MC secretome is proteases that can act as proinflammatory agents and in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. In the testis, MCs are an important cell component of the testicular interstitial tissue (TIT). However, there are still no studies addressing the analysis of a specific MC protease\u2014carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3)\u2014in cases with altered spermatogenesis. The cytological and histotopographic features of testicular CPA3+ MCs were examined in a study involving 34 men with azoospermia. As revealed, in cases with non-obstructive azoospermia, a higher content of CPA3+ MCs in the TIT and migration to the microvasculature and peritubular tissue of seminiferous tubules were observed when compared with cases with obstructive azoospermia. Additionally, a high frequency of CPA3+ MCs colocalization with fibroblasts, Leydig cells, and elastic fibers was detected in cases with NOA. Thus, CPA3 seems to be of crucial pathogenetic significance in the formation of a profibrogenic background of the tissue microenvironment, which may have direct and indirect effects on spermatogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13100833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T03:35:55Z","timestamp":1715744155000},"page":"833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cyto- and Histopographic Assessment of CPA3-Positive Testicular Mast Cells in Obstructive and Non-Obstructive Azoospermia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8347-4556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitrii","family":"Atiakshin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Research Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, 394036 Voronezh, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4468-3670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Kulchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrey","family":"Kostin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ignatyuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrey","family":"Protasov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2888-7999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilya","family":"Klabukov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva St. 4, 249036 Obninsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6154-9959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis","family":"Baranovskii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva St. 4, 249036 Obninsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7323-3126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhail","family":"Faniev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elina","family":"Korovyakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Chekmareva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1142-7483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Buchwalow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Institute for Hematopathology, Fangdieckstr, 75a, 22547 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Tiemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Hematopathology, Fangdieckstr, 75a, 22547 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kyrgiafini, M.A., and Mamuris, Z. 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