{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:37:14Z","timestamp":1787027834548,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tri-Service General Hospital","award":["TSGH-E-113245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSGH-E-113245"]}]},{"name":"Tri-Service General Hospital","award":["TSGH-E-111222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSGH-E-111222"]}]},{"name":"Tri-Service General Hospital","award":["TSGH-E-113299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSGH-E-113299"]}]},{"name":"Tri-Service General Hospital","award":["TSGH-PH-E110017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSGH-PH-E110017"]}]},{"name":"Tri-Service General Hospital","award":["801GB112132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["801GB112132"]}]},{"name":"Tri-Service General Hospital","award":["KSVGH111-204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KSVGH111-204"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital","award":["TSGH-E-113245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSGH-E-113245"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital","award":["TSGH-E-111222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSGH-E-111222"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital","award":["TSGH-E-113299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSGH-E-113299"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital","award":["TSGH-PH-E110017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSGH-PH-E110017"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital","award":["801GB112132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["801GB112132"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital","award":["KSVGH111-204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KSVGH111-204"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pulmonary adenocarcinoma (PADC) treatment limited efficacy in preventing tumor progression, often resulting in malignant pleural effusion (MPE). MPE is filled with various mediators, especially interleukin-8 (IL-8). However, the role of IL-8 and its signaling mechanism within the fluid microenvironment (FME) implicated in tumor progression warrants further investigation. Primary cultured cells from samples of patients with MPE from PADC, along with a commonly utilized lung cancer cell line, were employed to examine the role of IL-8 and its receptor, CXCR1, through comparative analysis. Our study primarily assessed migration and invasion capabilities, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. Additionally, IL-8 levels in MPE fluid versus serum, along with immunohistochemical expression of IL-8\/CXCR1 signaling in tumor tissue and cell blocks were analyzed. IL-8\/CXCR1 overexpression enhanced EMT and CSC properties. Furthermore, the immunocytochemical examination of 17 cell blocks from patients with PADC and MPE corroborated the significant correlation between upregulated IL-8 and CXCR1 expression and the co-expression of IL-8 and CXCR1 in MPE with distant metastasis. In summary, the IL-8\/ CXCR1 axis in FME is pivotal to tumor promotion via paracrine and autocrine signaling. Our study provides a therapeutic avenue for improving the prognosis of PADC patients with MPE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13110968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T12:29:47Z","timestamp":1717417787000},"page":"968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Interleukin-8\/CXCR1 Signaling Contributes to the Progression of Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Resulting in Malignant Pleural Effusion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yi-Ming","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Yen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Hsien","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"},{"name":"Office of General Affairs and Occupational Safety, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Ing","family":"Jan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin","family":"Nieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaoh-Shiang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Feng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, S.F., Lin, Y.S., Jao, S.W., Chang, Y.C., Liu, C.L., Lin, Y.J., and Nieh, S. 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