{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:18:00Z","timestamp":1790770680978,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education","award":["NRF-2021R1I1A1A01056100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1I1A1A01056100"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education","award":["NRF-2022R1A2C1011859"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A2C1011859"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education","award":["52023B000100024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52023B000100024"]}]},{"name":"Catholic Medical Center Research Foundation","award":["NRF-2021R1I1A1A01056100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1I1A1A01056100"]}]},{"name":"Catholic Medical Center Research Foundation","award":["NRF-2022R1A2C1011859"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A2C1011859"]}]},{"name":"Catholic Medical Center Research Foundation","award":["52023B000100024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52023B000100024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent emerging studies have demonstrated numerous critical roles of exosomes in cell-to-cell signaling. We investigated exosomes in the aqueous humor of glaucoma patients and controls and compared their characteristics with other biomarkers such as cytokines. Glaucoma patients exhibited higher exosome particle counts and smaller sizes compared to controls. Higher exosome density was correlated with more severe visual field loss. Conversely, concentrations of aqueous humor cytokines, particularly PD-L1, were primarily associated with intraocular pressure, and none of the cytokines showed a significant association with visual field damage. This may reflect the characteristics of exosomes, which are advantageous for crossing various biological barriers. Exosomes may contain more information about glaucoma functional damage occurring in the retina or optic nerve head. This highlights the potential importance of exosomes as signaling mediators distinct from other existing molecules.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13121030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T10:41:03Z","timestamp":1718275263000},"page":"1030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Parallel Analysis of Exosomes and Cytokines in Aqueous Humor Samples to Evaluate Biomarkers for Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5415-1228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Da Young","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Eunpyeong St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, Seoul 03312, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4491-626X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong-Sun","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan Kee","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Eunpyeong St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, Seoul 03312, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoung In","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","article-title":"Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Tham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2011.11.002","article-title":"The molecular basis of retinal ganglion cell death in glaucoma","volume":"31","author":"Almasieh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. 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