{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:12:24Z","timestamp":1760145144952,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Centre Poland","award":["OPUS2014\/15\/B\/NZ5\/03563"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPUS2014\/15\/B\/NZ5\/03563"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. In the advanced stage of development, it is resistant to currently available therapeutic modalities. Increased invasiveness and metastatic potential depend on several proteins involved in various signal transduction pathways. Hippo signaling plays a vital role in malignant transformation. Dysfunctions of the Hippo pathway initiate the expression of tumor growth factors and are associated with tumor growth and metastasis formation. This review summarizes the recent achievements in studying the role of the Hippo pathway in melanoma pathogenesis and points to the potential specific targets for anti-melanoma therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13121062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T08:06:06Z","timestamp":1718784366000},"page":"1062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Targeting the Hippo Pathway in Cutaneous Melanoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Urszula","family":"Kazimierczak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka Street 8, 61-806 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Przybyla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka Street 8, 61-806 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Smielowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genome Engineering, The Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12\/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Kolenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5574-6609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Mackiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka Street 8, 61-806 Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary Street 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.22723","article-title":"Hippo signaling in Drosophila: Recent advances and insights","volume":"241","author":"Staley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr065","article-title":"The evolutionary history of YAP and the hippo\/YAP pathway","volume":"28","author":"Hilman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01191-9","article-title":"The Hippo signalling pathway and its implications in human health and diseases","volume":"7","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-019-1869-4","article-title":"Analysis of the role of the Hippo pathway in cancer","volume":"17","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/2001-1326-3-22","article-title":"The Hippo pathway in disease and therapy: Cancer and beyond","volume":"3","author":"Gomez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4264","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2006.05427.x","article-title":"Association of mammalian sterile twenty kinases, Mst1 and Mst2, with hSalvador via C-terminal coiled-coil domains, leads to its stabilization and phosphorylation","volume":"273","author":"Callus","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.02.006","article-title":"MOBKL1A\/MOBKL1B phosphorylation by MST1 and MST2 inhibits cell proliferation","volume":"18","author":"Praskova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2010.09.011","article-title":"The hippo signaling pathway in development and cancer","volume":"19","author":"Pan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01874-07","article-title":"TAZ promotes cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and is inhibited by the hippo pathway","volume":"28","author":"Lei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1602907","article-title":"Inactivation of YAP oncoprotein by the Hippo pathway is involved in cell contact inhibition and tissue growth control","volume":"21","author":"Zhao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmu110","article-title":"The regulation and function of YAP transcription co-activator","volume":"47","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2019.06.003","article-title":"The Hippo Signaling Pathway in Development and Disease","volume":"50","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2018.02.003","article-title":"Evolution of mechanotransduction via YAP\/TAZ in animal epithelia","volume":"51","author":"Elbediwy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golovnina, K., Blinov, A., Akhmametyeva, E.M., Omelyanchuk, L.V., and Chang, L.S. (2005). Evolution and origin of merlin, the product of the Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) tumor-suppressor gene. BMC Evol. Biol., 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-5-69"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sato, T., and Sekido, Y. (2018). NF2\/Merlin Inactivation and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Mesothelioma. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19040988"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1339","article-title":"The tumour-suppressor genes NF2\/Merlin and Expanded act through Hippo signalling to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis","volume":"8","author":"Hamaratoglu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.031","article-title":"Yap1 acts downstream of \u03b1-catenin to control epidermal proliferation","volume":"144","author":"Schlegelmilch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11930","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1103345108","article-title":"E-cadherin mediates contact inhibition of proliferation through Hippo signaling-pathway components","volume":"108","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karaman, R., and Halder, G. (2018). Cell Junctions in Hippo Signaling. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 10.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028753"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(00)00251-9","article-title":"Anoikis mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Frisch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10137","article-title":"Role of YAP\/TAZ in mechanotransduction","volume":"474","author":"Dupont","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kazimierczak, U., Dondajewska, E., Zajaczkowska, M., Karwacka, M., Kolenda, T., and Mackiewicz, A. (2021). LATS1 Is a Mediator of Melanogenesis in Response to Oxidative Stress and Regulator of Melanoma Growth. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22063108"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6239","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7239","article-title":"Integration of Hippo signalling and the unfolded protein response to restrain liver overgrowth and tumorigenesis","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201642681","article-title":"Osmotic stress-induced phosphorylation by NLK at Ser128 activates YAP","volume":"18","author":"Hong","year":"2017","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.06.029","article-title":"Cytokinesis failure triggers hippo tumor suppressor pathway activation","volume":"158","author":"Ganem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-05568-8","article-title":"Hippo pathway dysregulation in gastric cancer: From Helicobacter pylori infection to tumor promotion and progression","volume":"14","author":"Messina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Lu, W., Zhang, Y., Zou, F., Jin, Z., and Zhao, T. (2019). The Hippo Pathway and Viral Infections. Front. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.03033"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.11.076","article-title":"Homeostatic Control of Hpo\/MST Kinase Activity through Autophosphorylation-Dependent Recruitment of the STRIPAK PP2A Phosphatase Complex","volume":"21","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.04.022","article-title":"The DeMSTification of mammalian Ste20 kinases","volume":"19","author":"Radu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"503","article-title":"[Role of the Hippo pathway in cell proliferation and organ size control. Disorders of the pathway in cancer diseases]","volume":"68","author":"Rybarczyk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Postep. Hig. I Med. Dosw. (Online)"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10148","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.181161698","article-title":"Caspase cleavage of MST1 promotes nuclear translocation and chromatin condensation","volume":"98","author":"Ura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20040025","article-title":"Regulation of the MST1 kinase by autophosphorylation, by the growth inhibitory proteins, RASSF1 and NORE1, and by Ras","volume":"381","author":"Praskova","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4523","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601872","article-title":"The pro-apoptotic kinase Mst1 and its caspase cleavage products are direct inhibitors of Akt1","volume":"26","author":"Cinar","year":"2007","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6309","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00551-09","article-title":"Crucial role for Mst1 and Mst2 kinases in early embryonic development of the mouse","volume":"29","author":"Oh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2017.99","article-title":"The LATS1 and LATS2 tumor suppressors: Beyond the Hippo pathway","volume":"24","author":"Furth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4398","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1206603","article-title":"Lats2, a putative tumor suppressor, inhibits G1\/S transition","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2011.44.9.584","article-title":"Phosphorylation of SAV1 by mammalian ste20-like kinase promotes cell death","volume":"44","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMB Rep."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29429","article-title":"Genetic variants in Hippo pathway genes YAP1, TEAD1 and TEAD4 are associated with melanoma-specific survival","volume":"137","author":"Yuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7018","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C110.212621","article-title":"Hippo pathway-independent restriction of TAZ and YAP by angiomotin","volume":"286","author":"Chan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M116.065490","article-title":"MOB1 Mediated Phospho-recognition in the Core Mammalian Hippo Pathway","volume":"16","author":"Couzens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11230","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.002715","article-title":"The Hippo pathway effector proteins YAP and TAZ have both distinct and overlapping functions in the cell","volume":"293","author":"Plouffe","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iglesias-Bexiga, M., Castillo, F., Cobos, E.S., Oka, T., Sudol, M., and Luque, I. (2015). WW domains of the yes-kinase-associated-protein (YAP) transcriptional regulator behave as independent units with different binding preferences for PPxY motif-containing ligands. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113828"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2020.08.012","article-title":"YAP and TAZ Are Not Identical Twins","volume":"46","author":"Reggiani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2012.08.025","article-title":"Identification, basic characterization and evolutionary analysis of differentially spliced mRNA isoforms of human YAP1 gene","volume":"509","author":"Gaffney","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16084","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.14306","article-title":"The Hippo signaling pathway provides novel anti-cancer drug targets","volume":"8","author":"Bae","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"83","article-title":"The Role of Hippo Pathway in Cancer Stem Cell Biology","volume":"41","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cells"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1909210","article-title":"The Hippo-YAP pathway in organ size control and tumorigenesis: An updated version","volume":"24","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"9","article-title":"YAP\/TAZ as master regulators in cancer: Modulation, function and therapeutic approaches","volume":"4","author":"Piccolo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10065","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07590-z","article-title":"The deadly cross-talk between Hippo pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer","volume":"49","author":"Akrida","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-19-0375","article-title":"The Emerging Role of YAP\/TAZ in Tumor Immunity","volume":"17","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-023-02704-2","article-title":"New insights into the ambivalent role of YAP\/TAZ in human cancers","volume":"42","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20201474","article-title":"The Hippo pathway in cancer: YAP\/TAZ and TEAD as therapeutic targets in cancer","volume":"136","author":"Cunningham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1664408","article-title":"TEAD mediates YAP-dependent gene induction and growth control","volume":"22","author":"Zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joshi, S., Davidson, G., Le Gras, S., Watanabe, S., Braun, T., Mengus, G., and Davidson, I. (2017). TEAD transcription factors are required for normal primary myoblast differentiation in vitro and muscle regeneration in vivo. PLoS Genet., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006600"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holden, J.K., and Cunningham, C.N. (2018). Targeting the Hippo Pathway and Cancer through the TEAD Family of Transcription Factors. Cancers, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10030081"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.10.044","article-title":"Hippo Pathway in Organ Size Control, Tissue Homeostasis, and Cancer","volume":"163","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-021-02408-7","article-title":"The Hippo signaling pathway in leukemia: Function, interaction, and carcinogenesis","volume":"21","author":"Noorbakhsh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2015.05.002","article-title":"YAP and TAZ: A nexus for Hippo signaling and beyond","volume":"25","author":"Hansen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794216","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.794216","article-title":"Dimethyl Fumarate Combined With Vemurafenib Enhances Anti-Melanoma Efficacy via Inhibiting the Hippo\/YAP, NRF2-ARE, and AKT\/mTOR\/ERK Pathways in A375 Melanoma Cells","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2013.00123","article-title":"The role of the hippo pathway in melanocytes and melanoma","volume":"3","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3732","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31399-w","article-title":"Inactivation of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway promotes melanoma","volume":"13","author":"Vittoria","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-017-0325-6","article-title":"Advanced Melanoma: Current Treatment Options, Biomarkers, and Future Perspectives","volume":"19","author":"Rozeman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"68","article-title":"BRAF and MEK inhibitors in the era of immunotherapy in melanoma patients","volume":"22","author":"Mackiewicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contemp. Oncol. (Pozn. Pol.)"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3218","article-title":"The Hippo effector YAP promotes resistance to RAF- and MEK-targeted cancer therapies","volume":"47","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-17-0320","article-title":"YAP-Induced PD-L1 Expression Drives Immune Evasion in BRAFi-Resistant Melanoma","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taha, Z., Janse van Rensburg, H.J., and Yang, X. (2018). The Hippo Pathway: Immunity and Cancer. Cancers, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10040094"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201592081","article-title":"Actin remodeling confers BRAF inhibitor resistance to melanoma cells through YAP\/TAZ activation","volume":"35","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4836","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.492","article-title":"Mutant B-RAF regulates a Rac-dependent cadherin switch in melanoma","volume":"32","author":"Burridge","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3953","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-022-02400-z","article-title":"Suppression of heparan sulfation re-sensitizes YAP1-driven melanoma to MAPK pathway inhibitors","volume":"41","author":"Dieter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202201445","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.202201445","article-title":"Proteasomal down-regulation of the proapoptotic MST2 pathway contributes to BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma","volume":"5","author":"Romano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci. Alliance"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.319","article-title":"Pro-invasive activity of the Hippo pathway effectors YAP and TAZ in cutaneous melanoma","volume":"134","author":"Marsaud","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2441","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1212021109","article-title":"The Hippo pathway target, YAP, promotes metastasis through its TEAD-interaction domain","volume":"109","author":"Lamar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110257","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.22628","article-title":"Inhibition of YAP function overcomes BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma cancer stem cells","volume":"8","author":"Fisher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21507","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.4242","article-title":"Combining BET and HDAC inhibitors synergistically induces apoptosis of melanoma and suppresses AKT and YAP signaling","volume":"6","author":"Heinemann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12249","article-title":"In melanoma, Hippo signaling is affected by copy number alterations and YAP1 overexpression impairs patient survival","volume":"27","author":"Menzel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5267","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-020-1362-9","article-title":"The Hippo pathway oncoprotein YAP promotes melanoma cell invasion and spontaneous metastasis","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-18-0407","article-title":"Somatic Hypermutation of the YAP Oncogene in a Human Cutaneous Melanoma","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0698-3","article-title":"miR-550a-3-5p acts as a tumor suppressor and reverses BRAF inhibitor resistance through the direct targeting of YAP","volume":"9","author":"Choe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/35077225","article-title":"Oncogenic kinase signalling","volume":"411","author":"Hunter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3216","article-title":"Genome-wide association between YAP\/TAZ\/TEAD and AP-1 at enhancers drives oncogenic growth","volume":"17","author":"Zanconato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2020.11.033","article-title":"PIN1 facilitates ubiquitin-mediated degradation of serine\/threonine kinase 3 and promotes melanoma development via TAZ activation","volume":"499","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30934-X","article-title":"Atezolizumab, vemurafenib, and cobimetinib as first-line treatment for unresectable advanced BRAF(V600) mutation-positive melanoma (IMspire150): Primary analysis of the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"395","author":"Gutzmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9797","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201802489RR","article-title":"Rac-GTPase promotes fibrotic TGF-\u03b21 signaling and chronic kidney disease via EGFR, p53, and Hippo\/YAP\/TAZ pathways","volume":"33","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Tang, D., Wu, T., and Sun, F. (2021). Disruption of LTBP4 Inhibition-Induced TGF\u03b21 Activation Promoted Cell Proliferation and Metastasis in Skin Melanoma by Inhibiting the Activation of the Hippo-YAP1 Signaling Pathway. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.673904"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan, S., Zhao, Z., Qiao, Y., Zhang, B., Zhang, T., Zhang, M., Qi, J., Wang, X., Meng, M., and Zhou, Q. (2021). Activation of the tumor suppressive Hippo pathway by triptonide as a new strategy to potently inhibit aggressive melanoma cell metastasis. Biochem. Pharmacol., 185.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2021.114423"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.11.005","article-title":"The Hippo Pathway Kinases LATS1\/2 Suppress Cancer Immunity","volume":"167","author":"Moroishi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05147-3","article-title":"Interaction of LATS1 with SMAC links the MST2\/Hippo pathway with apoptosis in an IAP-dependent manner","volume":"13","author":"Fallahi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0000000000000524","article-title":"MiR-135b is a novel oncogenic factor in cutaneous melanoma by targeting LATS2","volume":"29","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Melanoma Res."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e220","DOI":"10.1038\/oncsis.2016.29","article-title":"Downregulation of YAP-dependent Nupr1 promotes tumor-repopulating cell growth in soft matrices","volume":"5","author":"Jia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncogenesis"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murray, L.B., Lau, Y.K., and Yu, Q. (2012). Merlin is a negative regulator of human melanoma growth. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043295"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2986","article-title":"Protein interaction switches coordinate Raf-1 and MST2\/Hippo signalling","volume":"16","author":"Romano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.10.008","article-title":"MST1 activation by curcumin mediates JNK activation, Foxo3a nuclear translocation and apoptosis in melanoma cells","volume":"441","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-018-0250-1","article-title":"Fascin induces melanoma tumorigenesis and stemness through regulating the Hippo pathway","volume":"16","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/13\/12\/1062\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:01:00Z","timestamp":1760108460000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/13\/12\/1062"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["cells13121062"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells13121062","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-4409"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]]}}}