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It is a complex and dynamic tissue lining the inner wall of the uterus, regulated throughout a woman\u2019s life based on estrogen and progesterone fluctuations. During each menstrual cycle, this multicellular tissue undergoes cyclical changes, including regeneration, differentiation in order to allow egg implantation and embryo development, or shedding of the functional layer in the absence of pregnancy. The biology of the endometrium relies on paracrine interactions between epithelial and stromal cells involving complex signaling pathways that are modulated by the variations of estrogen and progesterone levels across the menstrual cycle. Understanding the complexity of estrogen and progesterone receptor signaling will help elucidate the mechanisms underlying normal reproductive physiology and provide fundamental knowledge contributing to a better understanding of the consequences of hormonal imbalances on gynecological conditions and tumorigenesis. In this narrative review, we delve into the physiology of the endometrium, encompassing the complex signaling pathways of estrogen and progesterone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13151236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T08:47:17Z","timestamp":1721810837000},"page":"1236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Unraveling the Dynamics of Estrogen and Progesterone Signaling in the Endometrium: An Overview"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Dias Da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tumors and Development, Estrogen-Sensitive Tissues and Cancer Team, GIGA-Cancer, Laboratory of Biology, University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Wuidar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tumors and Development, Estrogen-Sensitive Tissues and Cancer Team, GIGA-Cancer, Laboratory of Biology, University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manon","family":"Zielonka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tumors and Development, Estrogen-Sensitive Tissues and Cancer Team, GIGA-Cancer, Laboratory of Biology, University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8275-1489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christel","family":"Pequeux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tumors and Development, Estrogen-Sensitive Tissues and Cancer Team, GIGA-Cancer, Laboratory of Biology, University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2006.00554.x","article-title":"Hormonal Changes Throughout Life in Women","volume":"46","author":"Zacur","year":"2006","journal-title":"Headache J. 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