{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:59:58Z","timestamp":1793386798709,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondazione Regionale per la Ricerca Biomedica","award":["No. FRRB 2015-043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. FRRB 2015-043"]}]},{"name":"Fondazione Regionale per la Ricerca Biomedica","award":["No. PE 2016-02362470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. PE 2016-02362470"]}]},{"name":"Fondazione Regionale per la Ricerca Biomedica","award":["No. 1032-rcr2023-43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 1032-rcr2023-43"]}]},{"name":"Fondazione Regionale per la Ricerca Biomedica","award":["No. 20179JHAM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 20179JHAM"]}]},{"name":"Ministero della Salute, Ricerca Finalizzata","award":["No. FRRB 2015-043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. FRRB 2015-043"]}]},{"name":"Ministero della Salute, Ricerca Finalizzata","award":["No. PE 2016-02362470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. PE 2016-02362470"]}]},{"name":"Ministero della Salute, Ricerca Finalizzata","award":["No. 1032-rcr2023-43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 1032-rcr2023-43"]}]},{"name":"Ministero della Salute, Ricerca Finalizzata","award":["No. 20179JHAM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 20179JHAM"]}]},{"name":"Ricerca Corrente","award":["No. FRRB 2015-043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. FRRB 2015-043"]}]},{"name":"Ricerca Corrente","award":["No. PE 2016-02362470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. PE 2016-02362470"]}]},{"name":"Ricerca Corrente","award":["No. 1032-rcr2023-43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 1032-rcr2023-43"]}]},{"name":"Ricerca Corrente","award":["No. 20179JHAM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 20179JHAM"]}]},{"name":"Ministero dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca, PRIN","award":["No. FRRB 2015-043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. FRRB 2015-043"]}]},{"name":"Ministero dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca, PRIN","award":["No. PE 2016-02362470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. PE 2016-02362470"]}]},{"name":"Ministero dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca, PRIN","award":["No. 1032-rcr2023-43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 1032-rcr2023-43"]}]},{"name":"Ministero dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca, PRIN","award":["No. 20179JHAM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 20179JHAM"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection remains a major complication for solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of HCMV-specific T cell immunity measured at the time of the HCMV-DNA peak in predicting the spontaneous clearance of infection. The performance of cytokine flow cytometry using infected dendritic cells (CFC-iDC), infected cell lysate (CFC-iCL) and pp65 peptide pool (CFC-pp65 pool) as stimuli, as well as ELISPOT assays using infected cell lysate (ELISPOT-iCL) and the pp65 peptide pool (ELISPOT-pp65 pool), was analysed. Among the 40 SOTRs enrolled, 16 patients (40%) required antiviral treatment for an HCMV infection (Non-Controllers), while the others spontaneously cleared the infection (Controllers). At the HCMV-DNA peak, the number of HCMV-specific CD4+ T cells detected by the CFC-iDC, CFC-iCL and CFC-pp65 pool assays in Controllers was higher than that detected in Non-Controllers, while no difference was observed in terms of HCMV-specific CD8+ T cell response. The same trend was observed when the HCMV-specific T cell response was measured by ELISPOT-iCL and ELISPOT-pp65 pool. We observed that the CD4+ CFC-pp65 pool assay was the best predictor of self-resolving HCMV infection at the time of the HCVM-DNA peak. The CFC-pp65 pool assay is able to discriminate between CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses and could be used in daily clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13161325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T12:13:14Z","timestamp":1723119194000},"page":"1325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Immune Control of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Infection in HCMV-Seropositive Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: The Predictive Role of Different Immunological Assays"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Federica","family":"Zavaglio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3385-2088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Cassaniti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0232-5071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piera","family":"d\u2019Angelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4913-0012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Zelini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuditta","family":"Comolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1440-6872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marilena","family":"Gregorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5311-9174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Rampino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Del Frate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Centre Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Meloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Centre Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5908-5219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Cardiac Surgery, Department of Intensive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4147-4494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Abelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Ticozzelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7747-7622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Lilleri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fausto","family":"Baldanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13512","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13512","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus in solid organ transplant recipients-Guidelines of the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice","volume":"33","author":"Razonable","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. 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Transplant."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705507","article-title":"Impact on the cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral load by CMV-specific T-cell immunity in recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplantation","volume":"38","author":"Avetisyan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24216","article-title":"Targeted individual prophylaxis offers superior risk stratification for cytomegalovirus reactivation after liver transplantation","volume":"21","author":"Sood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Liver Transpl."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15228","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015228","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of cytomegalovirus (CMV) immune monitoring with ELISPOT and QuantiFERON-CMV assay in kidney transplantation: A PRISMA-compliant article","volume":"98","author":"Ruan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00871.x","article-title":"Differences in CMV-specific T-cell levels and long-term susceptibility to CMV infection after kidney, heart and lung transplantation","volume":"5","author":"Sester","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. 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