{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T12:10:23Z","timestamp":1784203823590,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"M\u00fcnchner Universit\u00e4tsgesellschaft","award":["#10278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#10278"]}]},{"name":"M\u00fcnchner Universit\u00e4tsgesellschaft","award":["12\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, Munich, Germany","award":["#10278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#10278"]}]},{"name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, Munich, Germany","award":["12\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12\/2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Arteriogenesis is an inflammatory driven mechanism, describing the growth of a natural bypass from pre-existing collateral arteries to compensate for an occluded artery. The complement system component C3 is a potent natural inflammatory activator. Here, we investigated its impact on the process of collateral artery growth using C3-deficient (C3 \u2212\/\u2212) and wildtype control mice in a murine hindlimb model of arteriogenesis. Induction of arteriogenesis by unilateral femoral artery ligation resulted in decreased perfusion recovery in C3 \u2212\/\u2212 mice on day 7 as shown by Laser Doppler imaging. Immunofluorescence staining revealed a reduced vascular cell proliferation in C3 \u2212\/\u2212 mice. Gene expression analysis displayed a significant reduction in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression in C3 \u2212\/\u2212 mice. Interestingly, 3 days after induction of arteriogenesis, the number of macrophages (CD68+) recruited to growing collaterals was not affected by C3 deficiency. However, a significant reduction in inflammatory M1-like polarized macrophages (CD68+\/MRC1\u2212) was noted. Forced mast cell activation by Compound 48\/80 as well as exogenous MCP-1 application rescued the number of M1-like polarized macrophages along with perfusion recovery in C3 \u2212\/\u2212 mice. In summary, this study demonstrates that complement C3 influences arteriogenesis by mediating MCP-1 expression, which is essential for the induction and enhancement of sterile inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13171405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T12:53:19Z","timestamp":1724417599000},"page":"1405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Complement System Is Essential for Arteriogenesis by Enhancing Sterile Inflammation as a Relevant Step in Collateral Artery Growth"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Amanda","family":"Geml","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 81377 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3882-7088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolin","family":"Baur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 81377 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"G\u00f6tz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 81377 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3734-3666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Elbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 81377 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Lasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 81377 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 81377 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Faro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 81377 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Preissner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff-Heart Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2134-0966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Deindl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 81377 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.114.303929","article-title":"A brief etymology of the collateral circulation","volume":"34","author":"Faber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arterioscler. 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