{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T13:49:51Z","timestamp":1768484991480,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","award":["SLT002\/16\/00174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLT002\/16\/00174"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","award":["ER16P08, ISCIII"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ER16P08, ISCIII"]}]},{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council","award":["SLT002\/16\/00174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLT002\/16\/00174"]}]},{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council","award":["ER16P08, ISCIII"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ER16P08, ISCIII"]}]},{"name":"Catalonian Department of Health","award":["SLT002\/16\/00174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLT002\/16\/00174"]}]},{"name":"Catalonian Department of Health","award":["ER16P08, ISCIII"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ER16P08, ISCIII"]}]},{"name":"ENoD Program of CIBERER","award":["SLT002\/16\/00174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLT002\/16\/00174"]}]},{"name":"ENoD Program of CIBERER","award":["ER16P08, ISCIII"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ER16P08, ISCIII"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Variants in membrane trafficking proteins are known to cause rare disorders with severe symptoms. The highly conserved transport protein particle (TRAPP) complexes are key membrane trafficking regulators that are also involved in autophagy. Pathogenic genetic variants in specific TRAPP subunits are linked to neurological disorders, muscular dystrophies, and skeletal dysplasias. Characterizing these variants and their phenotypes is important for understanding the general and specialized roles of TRAPP subunits as well as for patient diagnosis. Patient-derived cells are not always available, which poses a limitation for the study of these diseases. Therefore, other systems, like the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, can be used to dissect the mechanisms at the intracellular level underlying these disorders. The development of CRISPR\/Cas9 technology in yeast has enabled a scar-less editing method that creates an efficient humanized yeast model. In this study, core yeast subunits were humanized by replacing them with their human orthologs, and TRAPPC1, TRAPPC2, TRAPPC2L, TRAPPC6A, and TRAPPC6B were found to successfully replace their yeast counterparts. This system was used for studying the first reported individual with an autosomal recessive disorder caused by biallelic TRAPPC1 variants, a girl with a severe neurodevelopmental disorder and myopathy. We show that the maternal variant (TRAPPC1 p.(Val121Alafs*3)) is non-functional while the paternal variant (TRAPPC1 p.(His22_Lys24del)) is conditional-lethal and affects secretion and non-selective autophagy in yeast. This parallels defects seen in fibroblasts derived from this individual which also showed membrane trafficking defects and altered Golgi morphology, all of which were rescued in the human system by wild-type TRAPPC1. This study suggests that humanized yeast can be an efficient means to study TRAPP subunit variants in the absence of human cells and can assign significance to variants of unknown significance (VUS). This study lays the foundation for characterizing further TRAPP variants through this system, rapidly contributing to disease diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13171457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T06:46:29Z","timestamp":1725000389000},"page":"1457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Humanized Yeast Model for Studying TRAPP Complex Mutations; Proof-of-Concept Using Variants from an Individual with a TRAPPC1-Associated Neurodevelopmental Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Erta","family":"Zykaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B1R6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Abboud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B1R6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paria","family":"Asadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B1R6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simane","family":"Warsame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B1R6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hashem","family":"Almousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B1R6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miroslav P.","family":"Milev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B1R6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brittany M.","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B1R6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1517-5968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos","family":"L\u00f3pez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital del Mar, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Drago","family":"Bratkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Metabolic Clinic, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aashiq H.","family":"Kachroo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B1R6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1988-3005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Alberto","family":"P\u00e9rez-Jurado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital del Mar, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Metabolic Clinic, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2926-5064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Sacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B1R6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.5582\/irdr.2018.01085","article-title":"A compilation of national plans, policies and government actions for rare diseases in 23 countries","volume":"7","author":"Khosla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intractable Rare Dis. 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