{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:08:40Z","timestamp":1791616120681,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MATER project\u2014the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement","award":["No.813707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.813707"]}]},{"name":"MATER project\u2014the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement","award":["2021-01042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-01042"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Research Council (VR)","award":["No.813707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.813707"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Research Council (VR)","award":["2021-01042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-01042"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pericytes are versatile cells integral to the blood vessel walls of the microcirculation, where they exhibit specific stem cell traits. They are essential in modulating blood flow, ensuring vascular permeability, and maintaining homeostasis and are involved in the tissue repair process. The human endometrium is a unique and complex tissue that serves as a natural scar-free healing model with its cyclical repair and regeneration process every month. The regulation of pericytes has gained increasing attention due to their involvement in various physiological and pathological processes. However, endometrial pericytes are less well studied compared to the pericytes in other organs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of endometrial pericytes, with a focus on elucidating their physiological function and potential implications in uterine disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13171510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T09:21:00Z","timestamp":1725873660000},"page":"1510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Human Endometrial Pericytes: A Comprehensive Overview of Their Physiological Functions and Implications in Uterine Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8408-1021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiqun","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre, Division of Neonatology, Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Health, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE 17176 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5283-6692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Frisendahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre, Division of Neonatology, Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Health, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE 17176 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terhi T.","family":"Piltonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riikka K.","family":"Arffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parameswaran Grace","family":"Lalitkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre, Division of Neonatology, Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Health, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE 17176 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6516-1444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Gemzell-Danielsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre, Division of Neonatology, Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Health, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE 17176 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02593544","article-title":"Der Feinere Bau der Blutcapillaren","volume":"68","author":"Zimmermann","year":"1923","journal-title":"Z. Anat. Entwicklungsgesch."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20898","article-title":"CNS Pericytes: Concepts, Misconceptions, and a Way Out","volume":"58","author":"Krueger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(96)00063-6","article-title":"Pericytes in the Microvasculature","volume":"32","author":"Hirschi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2011.07.001","article-title":"Pericytes: Developmental, Physiological, and Pathological Perspectives, Problems, and Promises","volume":"21","author":"Armulik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13598","article-title":"Cellular Therapies for the Endometrium: An Update","volume":"98","author":"Davies","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"137","article-title":"Endometrial Stem\/Progenitor Cells: The First 10 Years","volume":"22","author":"Gargett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cousins, F.L., Filby, C.E., and Gargett, C.E. (2021). Endometrial Stem\/Progenitor Cells\u2013Their Role in Endometrial Repair and Regeneration. Front. Reprod. Health, 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/frph.2021.811537"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.4.8413","article-title":"Vascular Proliferation and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in the Rhesus Macaque Endometrium","volume":"87","author":"Nayak","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-012-9223-7","article-title":"Inflammation, Leukocytes and Menstruation","volume":"13","author":"Evans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X15610340","article-title":"What Is a Pericyte?","volume":"36","author":"Attwell","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs134","article-title":"Biology of the Renal Pericyte","volume":"27","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.11.008","article-title":"Pericytes, an Overlooked Player in Vascular Pathobiology","volume":"171","author":"Slater","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, S., and Ding, L. (2021). Endometrial Perivascular Progenitor Cells and Uterus Regeneration. J. Pers. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11060477"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2012.01617.x","article-title":"Perivascular Cells for Regenerative Medicine","volume":"16","author":"Crisan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200603176","article-title":"Coregulation of Vascular Tube Stabilization by Endothelial Cell TIMP-2 and Pericyte TIMP-3","volume":"175","author":"Saunders","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2017.11.010","article-title":"Human Predecidual Stromal Cells Have Distinctive Characteristics of Pericytes: Cell Contractility, Chemotactic Activity, and Expression of Pericyte Markers and Angiogenic Factors","volume":"61","author":"Prados","year":"2018","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-022-01125-4","article-title":"Endometrial Scratching for Improving Endometrial Receptivity: A Critical Review of Old and New Clinical Evidence","volume":"30","author":"Palomba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, Y., Lee, R.W.K., Ng, X.W., Gargett, C.E., and Chan, J.K.Y. (2023). Subtle Changes in Perivascular Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem Cells after Local Endometrial Injury in Recurrent Implantation Failure. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-27388-8"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gharanei, S., Fishwick, K., Peter Durairaj, R., Jin, T., Siamantouras, E., Liu, K.K., Straube, A., Lucas, E.S., Weston, C.J., and Rantakari, P. (2021). Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 Determines the Cellular Properties of Endometrial Pericytes. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.621016"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2017.12.002","article-title":"Microvascular Mural Cell Organotypic Heterogeneity and Functional Plasticity","volume":"28","author":"Holm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2023.06.001","article-title":"Pericytes in the Disease Spotlight","volume":"34","author":"Villacampa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"e21285","article-title":"Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Redefines the Mesenchymal Cell Landscape of Mouse Endometrium","volume":"3","author":"Africa","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hennes, D.M.Z.B., Rosamilia, A., Werkmeister, J.A., Gargett, C.E., and Mukherjee, S. (2021). Endometrial SUSD2+ Mesenchymal Stem\/Stromal Cells in Tissue Engineering: Advances in Novel Cellular Constructs for Pelvic Organ Prolapse. J. Pers. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11090840"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Queckb\u00f6rner, S., von Grothusen, C., Boggavarapu, N.R., Francis, R.M., Davies, L.C., and Gemzell-Danielsson, K. (2021). Stromal Heterogeneity in the Human Proliferative Endometrium-A Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Study. J. Pers. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11060448"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-01941-y","article-title":"Lineage Tracing: Technology Tool for Exploring the Development, Regeneration, and Disease of the Digestive System","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2005-0030","article-title":"The Stem State: Plasticity Is Essential, Whereas Self-Renewal and Hierarchy Are Optional","volume":"23","author":"Zipori","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"145","article-title":"Human Endometrial Perivascular Stem Cells Exhibit a Limited Potential to Regenerate Endometrium after Xenotransplantation","volume":"36","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Human. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1210181","article-title":"Human Endometrial Angiogenesis","volume":"121","author":"Gargett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1215\/S1152851705000232","article-title":"The Role of Pericytes in Blood-Vessel Formation and Maintenance","volume":"7","author":"Bergers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.suppl_3.57","article-title":"The Structure of Endometrial Microvessels","volume":"15","author":"Hickey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, H. (2020). Pericyte-Endothelial Interactions in the Retinal Microvasculature. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197413"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, G., Gao, J., Ding, P., and Gao, Y. (2024). The Role of Endothelial Cell\u2013Pericyte Interactions in Vascularization and Diseases. J. Adv. Res., epub ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2024.01.016"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01738-3","article-title":"Pericytes Regulate VEGF-Induced Endothelial Sprouting through VEGFR1","volume":"8","author":"Eilken","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyer, N., and Zenclussen, A.C. (2020). Immune Cells in the Uterine Remodeling: Are They the Target of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals?. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00246"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"387","article-title":"Immunology of Normal and Abnormal Menstruation","volume":"9","author":"Berbic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Womens Health"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv038","article-title":"Menstrual Physiology: Implications for Endometrial Pathology and Beyond","volume":"21","author":"Maybin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2018.04.015","article-title":"The Pericyte Secretome: Potential Impact on Regeneration","volume":"155","author":"Gaceb","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2016.12.001","article-title":"Brain Pericytes As Mediators of Neuroinflammation","volume":"38","author":"Rustenhoven","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas, H.M., Cowin, A.J., and Mills, S.J. (2017). The Importance of Pericytes in Healing: Wounds and Other Pathologies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18061129"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:29:3:467","article-title":"Isolation and Characterization of Ovine Luteal Pericytes and Effects of Nitric Oxide on Pericyte Expression of Angiogenic Factors","volume":"29","author":"Beckman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-02601-1_11","article-title":"Pericyte Secretome","volume":"1109","author":"Gaceb","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2012.02.009","article-title":"Neurotrophin Production in Brain Pericytes during Hypoxia: A Role of Pericytes for Neuroprotection","volume":"83","author":"Ishitsuka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-023-01459-y","article-title":"Current Knowledge on the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Endometrial Receptivity","volume":"28","author":"Sui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beal, J.R., Ma, Q., Bagchi, I.C., and Bagchi, M.K. (2023). Role of Endometrial Extracellular Vesicles in Mediating Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Uterus: A Review. Cells, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12222584"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaq061","article-title":"Adult Stem Cells in the Endometrium","volume":"16","author":"Gargett","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.4161\/org.7.2.16150","article-title":"Multilineage Stem Cells in the Adult: A Perivascular Legacy?","volume":"7","author":"Crisan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Organogenesis"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.111.095885","article-title":"Perivascular Human Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem Cells Express Pathways Relevant to Self-Renewal, Lineage Specification, and Functional Phenotype","volume":"86","author":"Spitzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.115.136010","article-title":"Human Endometrial Fibroblasts Derived from Mesenchymal Progenitors Inherit Progesterone Resistance and Acquire an Inflammatory Phenotype in the Endometrial Niche in Endometriosis","volume":"94","author":"Barragan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.12.025","article-title":"Progesterone Receptor in the Vascular Endothelium Triggers Physiological Uterine Permeability Preimplantation","volume":"156","author":"Goddard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2008.07.003","article-title":"A Perivascular Origin for Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Multiple Human Organs","volume":"3","author":"Crisan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e77663","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.77663","article-title":"Single-Cell RNA Sequencing and Lineage Tracing Confirm Mesenchyme to Epithelial Transformation (MET) Contributes to Repair of the Endometrium at Menstruation","volume":"11","author":"Kirkwood","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bouacida, A., Rosset, P., Trichet, V., Guilloton, F., Espagnolle, N., Cordonier, T., Heymann, D., Layrolle, P., Sens\u00e9b\u00e9, L., and Deschaseaux, F. (2012). Pericyte-Like Progenitors Show High Immaturity and Engraftment Potential as Compared with Mesenchymal Stem Cells. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048648"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2014-1045","article-title":"Cyclic Decidualization of the Human Endometrium in Reproductive Health and Failure","volume":"35","author":"Gellersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.5.8465","article-title":"Premenstrual Disappearance of Aminopeptidase A in Endometrial Stromal Cells around Endometrial Spiral Arteries\/Arterioles during the Decidual Change","volume":"87","author":"Ando","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118131","article-title":"Localization of the Angiotensin II and Its Receptor Subtype Expression in Human Endometrium and Identification of a Novel High-Affinity Angiotensin II Binding Site","volume":"96","author":"Ahmed","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod63.3.683","article-title":"IL-15 Expression at Human Endometrium and Decidua","volume":"63","author":"Kitaya","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4542","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1370","article-title":"Decidualization Induces a Secretome Switch in Perivascular Niche Cells of the Human Endometrium","volume":"155","author":"Murakami","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harden, S.L., Zhou, J., Gharanei, S., Diniz-da-Costa, M., Lucas, E.S., Cui, L., Murakami, K., Fang, J., Chen, Q., and Brosens, J.J. (2021). Exometabolomic Analysis of Decidualizing Human Endometrial Stromal and Perivascular Cells. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.626619"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2022.102671","article-title":"The Fate of Human SUSD2+ Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Decidualization","volume":"60","author":"Markert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.02.096","article-title":"Asherman Syndrome-One Century Later","volume":"89","author":"Yu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Haines, M., Taylor, C.W., Fox, H., and Wells, M. (2003). Haines & Taylor Obstetrical and Gynaecological Pathology, Churchill Livingstone."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.82361","article-title":"Generating Receptive Endometrium in Asherman\u2019s Syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Gargett","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hum. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2938-9","article-title":"Fibrosis: From Mechanisms to Medicines","volume":"587","author":"Henderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2014.11.004","article-title":"Perivascular Gli1+ Progenitors Are Key Contributors to Injury-Induced Organ Fibrosis","volume":"16","author":"Kramann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.080433","article-title":"Pericytes and Perivascular Fibroblasts Are the Primary Source of Collagen-Producing Cells in Obstructive Fibrosis of the Kidney","volume":"173","author":"Lin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.208","article-title":"Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Activates Pericyte-Myofibroblast Transition in Obstructive and Post-Ischemic Kidney Fibrosis","volume":"80","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.12.030","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Uterine Adenomyosis: Invagination or Metaplasia?","volume":"109","author":"Donnez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.01.009","article-title":"Biomarkers in Endometriosis: Challenges and Opportunities","volume":"107","author":"Ahn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioae032","article-title":"The Pathogenesis of Endometriosis and Adenomyosis: Insights from Single-Cell RNA Sequencing","volume":"110","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0b013e3181b7018d","article-title":"Vascular Involvement in Adenomyosis: Report of a Large Series of a Common Phenomenon with Observations on the Pathogenesis of Adenomyosis","volume":"29","author":"Meenakshi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tumor-like Intravascular Proliferations of the Stroma in Adenomyosis","volume":"44","year":"1993","journal-title":"Patol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harmsen, M.J., Ardu\u00e7, A., Bleeker, M.C.G., Juffermans, L.J.M., Griffioen, A.W., Jordanova, E.S., and Huirne, J.A.F. (2022). Increased Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis in Adenomyosis Visualized by Multiplex Immunohistochemistry. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158434"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldx027","article-title":"Abnormal Uterine Bleeding","volume":"123","author":"Cheong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. Med. Bull."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2014.2035","article-title":"Low Pericyte Coverage of Endometrial Microvessels in Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Correlates with the Microvessel Expression of VEGF-A","volume":"35","author":"Andersson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159S","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000533125.64418.86","article-title":"Endometrial Calcifications: A Novel Sonographic Marker of Endometrial Injury [29N]","volume":"131","author":"Starostanko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3765","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1923","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem\/Progenitors and Other Endometrial Cell Types from Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Display Inflammatory and Oncogenic Potential","volume":"98","author":"Piltonen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmaa051","article-title":"Endometrial Function in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"27","author":"Palomba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/13\/17\/1510\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:52:19Z","timestamp":1760111539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/13\/17\/1510"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["cells13171510"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells13171510","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]}}}