{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T02:47:19Z","timestamp":1791341239649,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Fondation pour la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","award":["DEQ20161136701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEQ20161136701"]}]},{"name":"The Fondation pour la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","award":["ANR-22-CE18-0019-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-22-CE18-0019-01"]}]},{"name":"Ligue Contre le Cancer, Comit\u00e9 Guadeloupe","award":["DEQ20161136701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEQ20161136701"]}]},{"name":"Ligue Contre le Cancer, Comit\u00e9 Guadeloupe","award":["ANR-22-CE18-0019-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-22-CE18-0019-01"]}]},{"name":"ANR doctoral fellowship","award":["DEQ20161136701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEQ20161136701"]}]},{"name":"ANR doctoral fellowship","award":["ANR-22-CE18-0019-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-22-CE18-0019-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are retroviral sequences integrated into 8% of the human genome resulting from ancient exogenous retroviral infections. Unlike endogenous retroviruses of other mammalian species, HERVs are mostly replication and retro-transposition defective, and their transcription is strictly regulated by epigenetic mechanisms in normal cells. A significant addition to the growing body of research reveals that HERVs\u2019 aberrant activation is often associated with offsetting diseases like autoimmunity, neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, and chemoresistance. Adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma (ATLL) is a very aggressive and chemoresistant leukemia caused by the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). The prognosis of ATLL remains poor despite several new agents being approved in the last few years. In the present study, we compare the expression of HERV genes in CD8+-depleted PBMCs from HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers and patients with acute ATLL. Herein, we show that HERVs are highly upregulated in acute ATLL. Our results further demonstrate that the oncoprotein Fra-2 binds the LTR region and activates the transcription of several HERV families, including HERV-H and HERV-K families. This raises the exciting possibility that upregulated HERV expression could be a key factor in ATLL development and the observed chemoresistance, potentially leading to new therapeutic strategies and significantly impacting the field of oncology and virology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13181517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T10:20:10Z","timestamp":1725963610000},"page":"1517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Oncoprotein Fra-2 Drives the Activation of Human Endogenous Retrovirus Env Expression in Adult T-Cell Leukemia\/Lymphoma (ATLL) Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3618-1515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Tram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Montpellier (UM), 34000 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Institut de Recherche 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