{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T01:47:56Z","timestamp":1779241676955,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS Grant-in-Aid for the Early Career Scientists Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K14383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K14383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS Grant-in-Aid for the Early Career Scientists Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMXS0450400023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMXS0450400023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MEXT Project for promoting public utilization of advanced research infrastructure (Program for Advanced Research Equipment Platforms MRI Platform)","award":["23K14383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K14383"]}]},{"name":"MEXT Project for promoting public utilization of advanced research infrastructure (Program for Advanced Research Equipment Platforms MRI Platform)","award":["JPMXS0450400023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMXS0450400023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, various drug delivery systems circumventing the blood\u2013brain barrier have emerged for treating brain tumors. This study aimed to improve the efficacy of brain tumor treatment in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation to deliver boronophenylalanine (BPA) to targeted tumors. Previous experiments have demonstrated that boron accumulation in the brain cells of normal rats remains comparable to that after intravenous (IV) administration, despite BPA being administered via CSF at significantly lower doses (approximately 1\/90 of IV doses). Based on these findings, BNCT was conducted on glioma model rats at the Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KUR), with BPA administered via CSF. This method involved implanting C6 cells into the brains of 8-week-old Wistar rats, followed by administering BPA and neutron irradiation after a 10-day period. In this study, the rats were divided into four groups: one receiving CSF administration, another receiving IV administration, and two control groups without BPA administration, with one subjected to neutron irradiation and the other not. In the CSF administration group, BPA was infused from the cisterna magna at 8 mg\/kg\/h for 2 h, while in the IV administration group, BPA was intravenously administered at 350 mg\/kg via the tail vein over 1.5 h. Thermal neutron irradiation (5 MW) for 20 min, with an average fluence of 3.8 \u00d7 1012\/cm2, was conducted at KUR\u2019s heavy water neutron irradiation facility. Subsequently, all of the rats were monitored under identical conditions for 7 days, with pre- and post-irradiation tumor size assessed through MRI and pathological examination. The results indicate a remarkable therapeutic efficacy in both BPA-administered groups (CSF and IV). Notably, the rats treated with CSF administration exhibited diminished BPA accumulation in normal tissue compared to those treated with IV administration, alongside maintaining excellent overall health. Thus, CSF-based BPA administration holds promise as a novel drug delivery mechanism in BNCT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13191610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T04:05:46Z","timestamp":1727323546000},"page":"1610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Therapeutic Effect of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy on Boronophenylalanine Administration via Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation in Glioma Rat Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8141-7778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sachie","family":"Kusaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8927-1621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Voulgaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Onishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junpei","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5100-9561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigeyoshi","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2159-1316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shingo","family":"Tamaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2759-5561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isao","family":"Murata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takushi","family":"Takata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun 590-0494, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5421-9417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minoru","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun 590-0494, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, J., Zhao, R., Dong, C., Yang, J., Zhang, R., Sun, M., Ahmad, N., Zhou, Y., and Liu, Y. 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