{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T22:04:25Z","timestamp":1783721065151,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["461645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["461645"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Astrocytic reactivity in substance use disorders (SUDs) has been extensively studied, yet the molecular effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (\u22069-THC, the main psychoactive compound in cannabis) on glial cells, especially astrocytes, remains poorly understood. Exploring \u22069-THC\u2019s impact on astrocytic markers can provide insight into its effects on brain functions such as homeostasis, synaptic transmission, and response to neuronal injury. This systematic review synthesizes findings from studies investigating \u22069-THC\u2019s impact on astrocytic markers. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using EMBASE, Medline, and PsychoInfo via the OvidSP platform. Studies reporting astrocytic markers following \u22069-THC exposure in animals and humans were included. Data were extracted from twelve eligible full-text articles, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation. Results: This research identified several astrocytic markers, including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nestin, and glutamate\u2013aspartate transporter (GLAST). Both GFAP and nestin expressions increased in adulthood following adolescence and adult \u22069-THC exposure. An increase in GLAST expression was also noted during early development after \u22069-THC exposure. Conclusions: This review indicates varying levels of astrocytic reactivity to \u22069-THC across different developmental stages, including adolescence and adulthood. \u22069-THC appears to impact maturation, particularly during early developmental stages, and exhibits sex-dependent effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13191628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T04:00:04Z","timestamp":1727668804000},"page":"1628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Systematic Review of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (\u22069-THC) in Astrocytic Markers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1637-6179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Ramos-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada"},{"name":"Clinical and Translational Sciences Lab, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Petkau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Translational Sciences Lab, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romina","family":"Mizrahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Translational Sciences Lab, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_824_23","article-title":"Global epidemiology of cannabis use disorders and its trend from 1990 to 2019: Benchmarking analysis of the global burden of disease study","volume":"13","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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