{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:28:13Z","timestamp":1760146093834,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BMI1, also known as B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1, is a protein in the Polycomb group that is implicated in various cellular processes, including stem cell self-renewal and the regulation of cellular senescence. BMI1 plays a role in the regulation of retinal progenitor cells and the renewal of adult neuronal cells. However, the presence, location, and quantification of BMI1 in the adult human eye have never previously been reported. In this study, we collected 45 frozen globes from eye banks, and ocular tissues were dissected. Protein was quantified by utilizing a custom electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assay developed to quantify the BMI1 protein. BMI1 was found in all ocular tissues at the following levels: the retina (1483.6 \u00b1 191.7 pg\/mL) and the RPE (296.4 \u00b1 78.1 pg\/mL). BMI1 expression was noted ubiquitously in the GCL (ganglion cell layer), the INL (inner nuclear layer), the ONL (outer nuclear layer), and the RPE (retinal pigment epithelium) via immunofluorescence, with higher levels in the inner than in the outer retinal layers and the RPE. These data confirm that BMI1 is expressed in the human retina. Further studies will illuminate the role that BMI1 plays in ocular cells. BMI1 levels are lower in aged retinas, possibly reflecting changes in retinal somatic and stem cell maintenance and disease susceptibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13191672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T12:22:48Z","timestamp":1728476568000},"page":"1672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Endogenous Expression of BMI1 in Adult Human Eyes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2182-7854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongyang","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oculogenex Inc., 2250 W Whittier Blvd., Suite 300, La Habra, CA 90631, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria G.","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oculogenex Inc., 2250 W Whittier Blvd., Suite 300, La Habra, CA 90631, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shufeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oculogenex Inc., 2250 W Whittier Blvd., Suite 300, La Habra, CA 90631, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hema L.","family":"Ramkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oculogenex Inc., 2250 W Whittier Blvd., Suite 300, La Habra, CA 90631, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2009.07.001","article-title":"Cellular signaling and factors involved in Muller cell gliosis: Neuroprotective and detrimental effects","volume":"28","author":"Bringmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. 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