{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:38:54Z","timestamp":1788932334090,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences","award":["0088-2024-0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0088-2024-0013"]}]},{"name":"Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences","award":["075-15-2021-1063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2021-1063"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","award":["0088-2024-0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0088-2024-0013"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","award":["075-15-2021-1063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2021-1063"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tregs have the potential to be utilized as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of various chronic diseases, including diabetes, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis. One of the challenges associated with developing a therapeutic product based on Tregs is the non-selectivity of polyclonal cells. A potential solution to this issue is a generation of antigen-specific CAR-Tregs. Other challenges associated with developing a therapeutic product based on Tregs include the phenotypic instability of these cells in an inflammatory microenvironment, discrepancies between engineered Treg-like cells and natural Tregs, and the expression of dysfunctional isoforms of Treg marker genes. This review presents a summary of proposed strategies for addressing these challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13201680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T08:10:16Z","timestamp":1728634216000},"page":"1680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Mini-Review: Tregs as a Tool for Therapy\u2014Obvious and Non-Obvious Challenges and Solutions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Elena I.","family":"Morgun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell Biology, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119334, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5107-0621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina A.","family":"Govorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell Biology, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119334, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria B.","family":"Chernysheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell Biology, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119334, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3213-7564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria A.","family":"Machinskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell Biology, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119334, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5405-0212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterina A.","family":"Vorotelyak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell Biology, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119334, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2013.06.006","article-title":"Treg and CTLA-4: Two Intertwining Pathways to Immune Tolerance","volume":"45","author":"Walker","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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